Current Hypertension Reviews - Volume 9, Issue 1, 2013

Cardiovascular complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Hypertension is a common finding of ADPKD occurring in 50-70% of patients before the impairment of renal function. Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a major role in the development of hypertension in ADPKD. Hypertension is associated with an inc Read More

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most frequent life-threatening hereditary disease. Prognostic factors for progressive renal impairment have been identified such as gender, race, age, proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension. Hypertension is the only risk factor for renal dysfunction in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, which is presently treatable. Better understanding of the pathophysiology Read More

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disease, affecting 1 in 1000 individuals. Previously termed “adult polycystic kidney disease”, ADPKD is now known to have important clinical manifestations beginning early in life and even in utero. Hypertension is an important risk factor for progressive renal and cardiovascular disease in children with ADPKD and may signify irreme Read More

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been recognized as an early and important complication in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). LVH is associated with arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and increased cardiac mortality. The increase in left ventricular mass is attributed to the compensatory myocardial remodeling associated with systemic hypertension, which is also highly pr Read More

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common potentially lethal hereditary disease. The hall mark of the disease is the development of innumerable cysts in kidneys and liver. However, a vascular phenotype including the early occurrence of hypertension, abnormalities in renal blood flow, intracranial and aortic aneurysms, spontaneous coronary and cervicocephalic artery dissections, and Read More

The most important extra-renal manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in terms of debilitating injury and premature death is the development of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and other vascular complications, resulting in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). IAs are found at a rate approximately five times higher in ADPKD patients than in the general population and in patients with a fa Read More

The improvement of imaging techniques over the years has contributed to the understanding of the natural history of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and facilitated the observation of its structural progression. Advances in molecular biology and genetics have made possible a greater understanding of the genetics, molecular, and cellular pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for its development Read More

Hypertension is responsible for a significantly increased burden of cardiovascular events and it is cause and a consequence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and a determinant factor in its progression to End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). Therefore, nephrologists have been focusing their attention on hypertension control to prevent CKD progression, delaying it but with poor results on cardiovascular mortality reduction. An Read More

Arterial stiffness has been known to be a surrogate marker of arteriosclerosis, and also of vascular function. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) had been the most popular index and was known to be a predictor of cardiovascular events. But, it depends on blood pressure at measuring time. To overcome this problem, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is developed. CAVI is derived from stiffness parameter β by Hayashi, and the Read More

The role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of hypertension has received increasing recognition over the past few years. This review will focus on recent developments in this emerging area. In particular, the role of macrophages and lymphocytes will be highlighted.