Current Hypertension Reviews - Volume 9, Issue 4, 2013

The increase in the prevalence of obesity, which has been considered as an epidemic by the World Health Organisation, is a serious, worldwide, health problem. Importantly, hypertension and diabetes are frequently associated with obesity, and, together, they constitute a significant burden, in terms of both morbidity and health care costs. The association with increase in the prevalence of obesity, prevalence of hypertension Read More

Many reviews focused on the role of sympathetic nervous activity in hypertension have been published. Recently a new treatment, radiofrequency renal denervation for the treatment of resistant hypertension has been developed and examined in several clinical trials such as the Symplicity HTN and EnligHTN studies. In the Symplicity HTN-1 study the efficacy for lowering blood pressure remained satisfactory at 3 years follow up a Read More

Several recent clinical trials show that blocking agents of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) reduce cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome based on insulin resistance and obesity, especially accumulated visceral fat. Our laboratory has focused on the relationship between the vascular RAAS and the action of insulin on the vasculature. We first revealed that the addition of insulin to cultu Read More

Hypertension, diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus) and metabolic syndrome associated with obesity are rapidly growing public health problems. Sympathetic nerve activation is well documented in hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, hypertension and diabetes are determined by genetic background and environmental factors. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate are predictive of Read More

It has been well recognized that hypertension in diabetes is a potent risk of micro- and macrovascular complications. BP levels are most important component of BP management. Next to BP levels, other component such as BP variability is also important. BP variability consists of several concepts [1]: 1. Very Short term BP variability (beat-to-beat) 2. Short term BP variability (over the 24h) 3. Diurnal BP variation in diabete Read More

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) is increased in hypertension associated with obesity and/or metabolic disorders. Reversely, patients with salt-sensitive hypertension often reveal metabolic disorders. Thus, salt excess and overeating, which are major bad dietary habits in civilized men and women, strengthen the effect to increase BP each other. Actually, there are similar pathophysiological characteristics between hyperten Read More

Anorexigenic protein, nesfatin/nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) is ubiquitously expressed in peripheral tissues including white adipose tissue. Nesfatin/NUCB2 is selectively expressed in pancreatic β-cell, but not α-cells, δ-cells, PPcells. Starvation significantly increased circulating nesfatin-1 concentrations, and refeeding restores the increase by starvation. There is an obvious dissociation in changes between nesfatin-1 releases from pancre Read More

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are closely associated, Cardiovascular complications and organ damages are augmented in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus compared to those without diabetes mellitus. The important common worsening factors in diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension are insulin resistance associated with sympathoexcitation. We should consider that sympathoinhibition is a reason Read More

The main current threat to the human race is the correlation and synergy between two determining triumvirates of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and death. The first triumvirate is constituted by obesity, metaflammation and insulin resistance; the second triumvirate is constituted by atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The etiopathogenic driving force for both triumvirates is the global Read More

The profile of ischemic heart disease by coronary atherosclerosis has been developed based on clinical, paraclinical and angiographic grounds inherent to the male gender. A man in his 40s - 50s with "classical” cardiovascular risk factors, angina pectoris and hemodynamically significant myocardial ischemia associated with angiographic stenosis (≥ 50% endovascular diameter reduction equivalent to ≥ 75% endovascular Read More

The intracellular concentration of cholesterol is a vital constant influenced by the uptake, metabolism and excretion of cholesterol. The synthesis and expression of the PCSK9-LDLR duo is one of the most important mechanisms to regulate this constant; in a physiological state, the yin-yang balance between PCSK9 and LDLR regulates the entry of cholesterol into the cell to keep the intracellular cholesterol concentration stabl Read More