Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Cardiovascular & Haematological Disorders - Drug Targets
  4. Fast Track Articles
  5. Fast Track Article
image of Environmental Factors, Occupational Hazards, and Seasonal Changes: Unveiling the Triggers of Atrial Fibrillation

Abstract

Introduction

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the world, with a lifetime risk of 26% for men and 23% for women. Atrial fibrillation is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia that is more common with increasing age. Globally, around 33.5 million people are estimated to have AF, which is anticipated to rise as the population ages. Although effective therapeutic methods exist, they are costly for the healthcare system.

Methods

The search was conducted across multiple databases, including Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar, as well as through manual searches of recognized publications and their bibliographies. Identifying modifiable risk factors for AF and implementing appropriate preventative measures may significantly improve public health and reduce healthcare costs. The development of AF has been reported to be associated with various causes, including electrical and structural changes in the atrial tissue.

Results

This article has reviewed how environmental factors, occupational hazards, and seasonal variability can affect AF. The incidence and prevalence of AF have been increasing, leading to a high lifetime risk for individuals. The available evidence indicates that seasonal variation, environmental factors, such as noise and air pollution, type of job, and altitude are all associated with an increased risk of developing AF. Although the exact mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, it is likely that a combination of factors, including changes in autonomic tone, inflammation, and oxidative stress, play a role.

Conclusion

This review has highlighted the significance of assuming the role of environmental and occupational factors in the development of AF.

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/chddt/10.2174/011871529X335166241203183331
2024-12-06
2025-01-19

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/chddt/10.2174/011871529X335166241203183331
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Chugh S.S. Havmoeller R. Narayanan K. Singh D. Rienstra M. Benjamin E.J. Gillum R.F. Kim Y.H. McAnulty J.H. Jr Zheng Z.J. Forouzanfar M.H. Naghavi M. Mensah G.A. Ezzati M. Murray C.J.L. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: A global burden of disease 2010 study. Circulation 2014 129 8 837 847 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005119 24345399
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Murphy N.F. Stewart S. MacIntyre K. Capewell S. McMurray J.J.V. Seasonal variation in morbidity and mortality related to atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Cardiol. 2004 97 2 283 288 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.03.041 15458696
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Lippi G. Sanchis-Gomar F. Cervellin G. Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: An increasing epidemic and public health challenge. Int. J. Stroke 2021 16 2 217 221 10.1177/1747493019897870 31955707
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Gharaviri A. Bidar E. Potse M. Zeemering S. Verheule S. Pezzuto S. Krause R. Maessen J.G. Auricchio A. Schotten U. Epicardial fibrosis explains increased endo–epicardial dissociation and epicardial breakthroughs in human atrial fibrillation. Front. Physiol. 2020 11 68 10.3389/fphys.2020.00068 32153419
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Schotten U. Verheule S. Kirchhof P. Goette A. Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: A translational appraisal. Physiol. Rev. 2011 91 1 265 325 10.1152/physrev.00031.2009 21248168
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Heijman J. Voigt N. Nattel S. Dobrev D. Cellular and molecular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation initiation, maintenance, and progression. Circ. Res. 2014 114 9 1483 1499 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302226 24763466
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Schmidt C. Wiedmann F. Zhou X.B. Heijman J. Voigt N. Ratte A. Lang S. Kallenberger S.M. Campana C. Weymann A. De Simone R. Szabo G. Ruhparwar A. Kallenbach K. Karck M. Ehrlich J.R. Baczkó I. Borggrefe M. Ravens U. Dobrev D. Katus H.A. Thomas D. Inverse remodelling of K 2P 3.1 K + channel expression and action potential duration in left ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation: Implications for patient-specific antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Eur. Heart J. 2017 38 22 ehw559 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw559 28057773
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Allessie M. Ausma J. Schotten U. Electrical, contractile and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc. Res. 2002 54 2 230 246 10.1016/S0008‑6363(02)00258‑4 12062329
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Goette A. Honeycutt C. Langberg J.J. Electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Time course and mechanisms. Circulation 1996 94 11 2968 2974 10.1161/01.CIR.94.11.2968 8941128
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Voigt N. Heijman J. Wang Q. Chiang D.Y. Li N. Karck M. Wehrens X.H.T. Nattel S. Dobrev D. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of atrial arrhythmogenesis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2014 129 2 145 156 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006641 24249718
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Molina C.E. Abu-Taha I.H. Wang Q. Roselló-Díez E. Kamler M. Nattel S. Ravens U. Wehrens X.H.T. Hove-Madsen L. Heijman J. Dobrev D. Profibrotic, electrical, and calcium-handling remodeling of the atria in heart failure patients with and without atrial fibrillation. Front. Physiol. 2018 9 1383 10.3389/fphys.2018.01383 30356673
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hobbs W.J.C. Fynn S. Todd D.M. Wolfson P. Galloway M. Garratt C.J. Reversal of atrial electrical remodeling after cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation 2000 101 10 1145 1151 10.1161/01.CIR.101.10.1145 10715261
    [Google Scholar]
  13. De Jong A.M. Maass A.H. Oberdorf-Maass S.U. Van Veldhuisen D.J. Van Gilst W.H. Van Gelder I.C. Mechanisms of atrial structural changes caused by stretch occurring before and during early atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc. Res. 2011 89 4 754 765 10.1093/cvr/cvq357 21075756
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Landrigan P.J. Fuller R. Acosta N.J.R. Adeyi O. Arnold R. Basu N.N. Baldé A.B. Bertollini R. Bose-O’Reilly S. Boufford J.I. Breysse P.N. Chiles T. Mahidol C. Coll-Seck A.M. Cropper M.L. Fobil J. Fuster V. Greenstone M. Haines A. Hanrahan D. Hunter D. Khare M. Krupnick A. Lanphear B. Lohani B. Martin K. Mathiasen K.V. McTeer M.A. Murray C.J.L. Ndahimananjara J.D. Perera F. Potočnik J. Preker A.S. Ramesh J. Rockström J. Salinas C. Samson L.D. Sandilya K. Sly P.D. Smith K.R. Steiner A. Stewart R.B. Suk W.A. van Schayck O.C.P. Yadama G.N. Yumkella K. Zhong M. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. Lancet 2018 391 10119 462 512 10.1016/S0140‑6736(17)32345‑0 29056410
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Bhatnagar A. Environmental determinants of cardiovascular disease. Circ. Res. 2017 121 2 162 180 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.306458 28684622
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gesualdo M. Scicchitano P. Carbonara S. Ricci G. Principi M. Ierardi E. Di Leo A. Cortese F. Ciccone M.M. The association between cardiac and gastrointestinal disorders. J. Cardiovasc. Med. (Hagerstown) 2016 17 5 330 338 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000351 26702598
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Zipes D.P. Braunwald’s heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Elsevier 2018
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Verratti V. Tonacci A. Bondi D. Chiavaroli A. Ferrante C. Brunetti L. Crisafulli A. Cerretelli P. Ethnic differences on cardiac rhythms and autonomic nervous system responses during a high-altitude trek: A pilot study comparing italian Trekkers to nepalese porters. Front. Physiol. 2021 12 709451 10.3389/fphys.2021.709451 34497537
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Alexander J.K. Cardiac arrhythmia at high altitude: The progressive effect of aging. Tex. Heart Inst. J. 1999 26 4 258 263 10653252
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Sohail H. Hassan S.M. Yaqoob U. Hassan Z. The height as an independent risk factor of atrial fibrillation: A review. Indian Heart J. 2021 73 1 22 25 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.11.008 33714405
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Wang M. Liu M. Huang J. Fan D. Liu S. Yu T. Huang K. Wei X. Lei Q. Long-term high-altitude exposure does not increase the incidence of atrial fibrillation associated with organic heart diseases. High Alt. Med. Biol. 2021 22 3 285 292 10.1089/ham.2020.0228 34143663
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Shi S. Prevalence and risk of atrial fibrillation in China: A national cross-sectional epidemiological study Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2022 23 100439 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100439
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Carey I.M. Anderson H.R. Atkinson R.W. Beevers S. Cook D.G. Dajnak D. Gulliver J. Kelly F.J. Traffic pollution and the incidence of cardiorespiratory outcomes in an adult cohort in London. Occup. Environ. Med. 2016 73 12 oemed-2015-103531 10.1136/oemed‑2015‑103531 27343184
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Monrad M. Sajadieh A. Christensen J.S. Ketzel M. Raaschou-Nielsen O. Tjønneland A. Overvad K. Loft S. Sørensen M. Residential exposure to traffic noise and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: A cohort study. Environ. Int. 2016 92-93 457 463 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.039 27164554
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Eriksson C. Bluhm G. Hilding A. Östenson C.G. Pershagen G. Aircraft noise and incidence of hypertension—Gender specific effects. Environ. Res. 2010 110 8 764 772 10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.001 20880521
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Andersen Z.J. Cramer J. Jørgensen J.T. Dehlendorff C. Amini H. Mehta A. Cole-Hunter T. Mortensen L.H. Westendorp R. So R. Li S. Hoffmann B. Loft S. Bräuner E.V. Ketzel M. Hertel O. Brandt J. Jensen S.S. Christensen J.H. Geels C. Frohn L.M. Backalarz C. Simonsen M.K. Lim Y.H. Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and air pollution, and incident atrial fibrillation in the Danish nurse cohort. Environ. Health Perspect. 2021 129 8 087002 10.1289/EHP8090 34338552
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Babisch W. Pershagen G. Selander J. Houthuijs D. Breugelmans O. Cadum E. Vigna-Taglianti F. Katsouyanni K. Haralabidis A.S. Dimakopoulou K. Sourtzi P. Floud S. Hansell A.L. Noise annoyance — A modifier of the association between noise level and cardiovascular health? Sci. Total Environ. 2013 452-453 50 57 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.034 23500398
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Basner M. McGuire S. WHO environmental noise guidelines for the European region: A systematic review on environmental noise and effects on sleep. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018 15 3 519 10.3390/ijerph15030519 29538344
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Münzel T. Sørensen M. Gori T. Schmidt F.P. Rao X. Brook J. Chen L.C. Brook R.D. Rajagopalan S. Environmental stressors and cardio-metabolic disease: Part I-epidemiologic evidence supporting a role for noise and air pollution and effects of mitigation strategies. Eur. Heart J. 2017 38 8 550 556 27460892
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Hahad O. Beutel M. Gori T. Schulz A. Blettner M. Pfeiffer N. Rostock T. Lackner K. Sørensen M. Prochaska J.H. Wild P.S. Münzel T. Annoyance to different noise sources is associated with atrial fibrillation in the Gutenberg health study. Int. J. Cardiol. 2018 264 79 84 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.126 29695315
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Reddy V. Taha W. Kundumadam S. Khan M. Atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism: A literature review. Indian Heart J. 2017 69 4 545 550 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.07.004 28822529
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Münzel T. Gori T. Babisch W. Basner M. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise exposure. Eur. Heart J. 2014 35 13 829 836 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu030 24616334
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Liu X. Kong D. Liu Y. Fu J. Gao P. Chen T. Fang Q. Cheng K. Fan Z. Effects of the short‐term exposure to ambient air pollution on atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 2018 41 11 1441 1446 10.1111/pace.13500 30225893
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Kim I.S. Yang P.S. Lee J. Yu H.T. Kim T.H. Uhm J.S. Pak H.N. Lee M.H. Joung B. Long-term exposure of fine particulate matter air pollution and incident atrial fibrillation in the general population: A nationwide cohort study. Int. J. Cardiol. 2019 283 178 183 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.048 30612847
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Shin S. Burnett R.T. Kwong J.C. Hystad P. van Donkelaar A. Brook J.R. Goldberg M.S. Tu K. Copes R. Martin R.V. Liu Y. Kopp A. Chen H. Ambient air pollution and the risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke: A population-based cohort study. Environ. Health Perspect. 2019 127 8 087009 10.1289/EHP4883 31449466
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Signorelli S.S. Oliveri Conti G. Zanobetti A. Baccarelli A. Fiore M. Ferrante M. Effect of particulate matter-bound metals exposure on prothrombotic biomarkers: A systematic review. Environ. Res. 2019 177 108573 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108573 31323394
    [Google Scholar]
  37. An Z. Jin Y. Li J. Li W. Wu W. Impact of particulate air pollution on cardiovascular health. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 2018 18 3 15 10.1007/s11882‑018‑0768‑8 29470659
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Shah A.S.V. Lee K.K. McAllister D.A. Hunter A. Nair H. Whiteley W. Langrish J.P. Newby D.E. Mills N.L. Short term exposure to air pollution and stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2015 350 h1295 10.1136/bmj.h1295 25810496
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Rivera-Caravaca J.M. Particulate matter and temperature: Increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Mayo clinic proceedings. Elsevier 2020 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.046
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Pannullo F. Lee D. Neal L. Dalvi M. Agnew P. O’Connor F.M. Mukhopadhyay S. Sahu S. Sarran C. Quantifying the impact of current and future concentrations of air pollutants on respiratory disease risk in England. Environ. Health 2017 16 1 29 10.1186/s12940‑017‑0237‑1 28347336
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Rich D.Q. Mittleman M.A. Link M.S. Schwartz J. Luttmann-Gibson H. Catalano P.J. Speizer F.E. Gold D.R. Dockery D.W. Increased risk of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation episodes associated with acute increases in ambient air pollution. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006 114 1 120 123 10.1289/ehp.8371 16393668
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Stewart S. Keates A.K. Redfern A. McMurray J.J.V. Seasonal variations in cardiovascular disease. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2017 14 11 654 664 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.76 28518176
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Ahn J. Uhm T. Han J. Won K.M. Choe J.C. Shin J.Y. Park J.S. Lee H.W. Oh J.H. Choi J.H. Lee H.C. Cha K.S. Hong T.J. Kim Y.H. Meteorological factors and air pollutants contributing to seasonal variation of acute exacerbation of atrial fibrillation: A population-based study. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2018 60 12 1082 1086 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001449 30211757
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Chung M.K. Eckhardt L.L. Chen L.Y. Ahmed H.M. Gopinathannair R. Joglar J.A. Noseworthy P.A. Pack Q.R. Sanders P. Trulock K.M. Lifestyle and risk factor modification for reduction of atrial fibrillation: A scientific statement from the american heart association. Circulation 2020 141 16 e750 e772 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000748 32148086
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Bruno R.M. Di Pilla M. Ancona C. Sørensen M. Gesi M. Taddei S. Munzel T. Virdis A. Environmental factors and hypertension. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2017 23 22 3239 3246 28356035
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Schulz P.S. Zimmerman L. Johansson P. Seasonal work and cardiovascular risk factors in farmers. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 2018 33 4 E35 E39 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000490 29601377
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Chen L.Y. Sotoodehnia N. Bůžková P. Lopez F.L. Yee L.M. Heckbert S.R. Prineas R. Soliman E.Z. Adabag S. Konety S. Folsom A.R. Siscovick D. Alonso A. Atrial fibrillation and the risk of sudden cardiac death: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study and cardiovascular health study. JAMA Intern. Med. 2013 173 1 29 35 10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.744 23404043
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Frost L. Paaske Johnsen S. Pedersen L. Husted S. Engholm G. Toft Sørensen H. Rothman K.J. Seasonal variation in hospital discharge diagnosis of atrial fibrillation: A population-based study. Epidemiology 2002 13 2 211 215 10.1097/00001648‑200203000‑00017 11880763
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Salim I. Al Suwaidi J. Ghadban W. Alkilani H. Salam A.M. Impact of religious Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular disease: A systematic review of the literature. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2013 29 4 343 354 10.1185/03007995.2013.774270 23391328
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Waterhouse J. Alkib L. Reilly T. Effects of Ramadan upon fluid and food intake, fatigue, and physical, mental, and social activities: A comparison between the UK and Libya. Chronobiol. Int. 2008 25 5 697 724 10.1080/07420520802397301 18780199
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Meo S.A. Hassan A. Physiological changes during fasting in Ramadan JPMA 2015 65 5 Suppl 1 S6 14 2015
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Akhtar A.M. Ghouri N. Chahal C.A.A. Patel R. Ricci F. Sattar N. Waqar S. Khanji M.Y. Ramadan fasting: Recommendations for patients with cardiovascular disease. Heart 2022 108 4 258 265 10.1136/heartjnl‑2021‑319273 33990414
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Kivimäki M. Leino-Arjas P. Virtanen M. Elovainio M. Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Puttonen S. Vartia M. Brunner E. Vahtera J. Work stress and incidence of newly diagnosed fibromyalgia. J. Psychosom. Res. 2004 57 5 417 422 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2003.10.013 15581643
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Virtanen M. Ferrie J.E. Singh-Manoux A. Shipley M.J. Vahtera J. Marmot M.G. Kivimäki M. Overtime work and incident coronary heart disease: The Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Eur. Heart J. 2010 31 14 1737 1744 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq124 20460389
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Vyas M.V. Garg A.X. Iansavichus A.V. Costella J. Donner A. Laugsand L.E. Janszky I. Mrkobrada M. Parraga G. Hackam D.G. Shift work and vascular events: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012 345 jul26 1 e4800 10.1136/bmj.e4800 22835925
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Nyberg S.T. Fransson E.I. Heikkilä K. Ahola K. Alfredsson L. Bjorner J.B. Borritz M. Burr H. Dragano N. Goldberg M. Hamer M. Jokela M. Knutsson A. Koskenvuo M. Koskinen A. Kouvonen A. Leineweber C. Madsen I.E.H. Magnusson Hanson L.L. Marmot M.G. Nielsen M.L. Nordin M. Oksanen T. Pejtersen J.H. Pentti J. Rugulies R. Salo P. Siegrist J. Steptoe A. Suominen S. Theorell T. Väänänen A. Vahtera J. Virtanen M. Westerholm P.J.M. Westerlund H. Zins M. Batty G.D. Brunner E.J. Ferrie J.E. Singh-Manoux A. Kivimäki M. IPD-Work Consortium Job strain as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 124,808 men and women. Diabetes Care 2014 37 8 2268 2275 10.2337/dc13‑2936 25061139
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Kivimäki M. Nyberg S.T. Batty G.D. Fransson E.I. Heikkilä K. Alfredsson L. Bjorner J.B. Borritz M. Burr H. Casini A. Clays E. De Bacquer D. Dragano N. Ferrie J.E. Geuskens G.A. Goldberg M. Hamer M. Hooftman W.E. Houtman I.L. Joensuu M. Jokela M. Kittel F. Knutsson A. Koskenvuo M. Koskinen A. Kouvonen A. Kumari M. Madsen I.E.H. Marmot M.G. Nielsen M.L. Nordin M. Oksanen T. Pentti J. Rugulies R. Salo P. Siegrist J. Singh-Manoux A. Suominen S.B. Väänänen A. Vahtera J. Virtanen M. Westerholm P.J.M. Westerlund H. Zins M. Steptoe A. Theorell T. IPD-Work Consortium Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet 2012 380 9852 1491 1497 10.1016/S0140‑6736(12)60994‑5 22981903
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Shen M.J. Choi E.K. Tan A.Y. Lin S.F. Fishbein M.C. Chen L.S. Chen P.S. Neural mechanisms of atrial arrhythmias. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2012 9 1 30 39 10.1038/nrcardio.2011.139 21946776
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Kivimäki M. Nyberg S.T. Fransson E.I. Heikkilä K. Alfredsson L. Casini A. Clays E. De Bacquer D. Dragano N. Ferrie J.E. Goldberg M. Hamer M. Jokela M. Karasek R. Kittel F. Knutsson A. Koskenvuo M. Nordin M. Oksanen T. Pentti J. Rugulies R. Salo P. Siegrist J. Suominen S.B. Theorell T. Vahtera J. Virtanen M. Westerholm P.J.M. Westerlund H. Zins M. Steptoe A. Singh-Manoux A. Batty G.D. IPD-Work Consortium Associations of job strain and lifestyle risk factors with risk of coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis of individual participant data. CMAJ 2013 185 9 763 769 10.1503/cmaj.121735 23670152
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Tüchsen F. Hannerz H. Roepstorff C. Krause N. Stroke among male professional drivers in Denmark, 1994–2003. Occup. Environ. Med. 2006 63 7 456 460 10.1136/oem.2005.025718 16735481
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Karjalainen J. Kujala U.M. Kaprio J. Sarna S. Viitasalo M. Lone atrial fibrillation in vigorously exercising middle aged men: Case-control study. BMJ 1998 316 7147 1784 1785 10.1136/bmj.316.7147.1784 9624065
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Mont L. Tamborero D. Elosua R. Molina I. Coll-Vinent B. Sitges M. Vidal B. Scalise A. Tejeira A. Berruezo A. Brugada J. Physical activity, height, and left atrial size are independent risk factors for lone atrial fibrillation in middle-aged healthy individuals. Europace 2008 10 1 15 20 10.1093/europace/eum263 18178694
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Andersen K. Farahmand B. Ahlbom A. Held C. Ljunghall S. Michaëlsson K. Sundström J. Risk of arrhythmias in 52 755 long-distance cross-country skiers: A cohort study. Eur. Heart J. 2013 34 47 3624 3631 10.1093/eurheartj/eht188 23756332
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Torén K. Schiöler L. Söderberg M. Giang K.W. Rosengren A. The association between job strain and atrial fibrillation in Swedish men. Occup. Environ. Med. 2015 72 3 177 180 10.1136/oemed‑2014‑102256 25523937
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Heady J.A. Morris J.N. Raffle P.A. Physique of London busmen; epidemiology of uniforms. Lancet 1956 271 6942 569 570 13368467
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Emdad R. Belkic K. Theorell T. Cizinsky S. What prevents professional drivers from following physicians’ cardiologic advice? Psychother. Psychosom. 1998 67 4-5 226 240 10.1159/000012285 9693350
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Shinton R. Shipley M. Rose G. Overweight and stroke in the Whitehall study. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 1991 45 2 138 142 10.1136/jech.45.2.138 2072073
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Walker S.P. Rimm E.B. Ascherio A. Kawachi I. Stampfer M.J. Willett W.C. Body size and fat distribution as predictors of stroke among US men. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1996 144 12 1143 1150 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008892 8956626
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Camen S. Ojeda F.M. Niiranen T. Gianfagna F. Vishram-Nielsen J.K. Costanzo S. Söderberg S. Vartiainen E. Donati M.B. Løchen M.L. Pasterkamp G. Magnussen C. Kee F. Jousilahti P. Hughes M. Kontto J. Mathiesen E.B. Koenig W. Palosaari T. Blankenberg S. de Gaetano G. Jørgensen T. Zeller T. Kuulasmaa K. Linneberg A. Salomaa V. Iacoviello L. Schnabel R.B. Temporal relations between atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke and their prognostic impact on mortality. Europace 2020 22 4 522 529 10.1093/europace/euz312 31740944
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Chen J-C. Chen Y-J. Chang W.P. Christiani D.C. Long driving time is associated with haematological markers of increased cardiovascular risk in taxi drivers. Occup. Environ. Med. 2005 62 12 890 894 10.1136/oem.2005.020354 16299099
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Krause N. Rugulies R. Ragland D.R. Syme S.L. Physical workload, ergonomic problems, and incidence of low back injury: A 7.5‐year prospective study of San Francisco transit operators. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2004 46 6 570 585 10.1002/ajim.20094 15551390
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Tiwa Diffo E. Lavigne-Robichaud M. Milot A. Brisson C. Gilbert-Ouimet M. Vézina M. Talbot D. Trudel X. Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Atrial Fibrillation Incidence: An 18‐Year Prospective Study. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2024 13 16 e032414 10.1161/JAHA.123.032414 39140284
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Kivimäki M. Nyberg S.T. Batty G.D. Kawachi I. Jokela M. Alfredsson L. Bjorner J.B. Borritz M. Burr H. Dragano N. Fransson E.I. Heikkilä K. Knutsson A. Koskenvuo M. Kumari M. Madsen I.E.H. Nielsen M.L. Nordin M. Oksanen T. Pejtersen J.H. Pentti J. Rugulies R. Salo P. Shipley M.J. Suominen S. Theorell T. Vahtera J. Westerholm P. Westerlund H. Steptoe A. Singh-Manoux A. Hamer M. Ferrie J.E. Virtanen M. Tabak A.G. Long working hours as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation: A multi-cohort study. Eur. Heart J. 2017 38 34 2621 2628 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx324 28911189
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Charlson F. van Ommeren M. Flaxman A. Cornett J. Whiteford H. Saxena S. New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2019 394 10194 240 248 10.1016/S0140‑6736(19)30934‑1 31200992
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Salari N. Kazeminia M. Vaisi-Raygani A. Jalali R. Mohammadi M. Aflatoxin M1 in milk worldwide from 1988 to 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Food Qual. 2020 2020 1 14 10.1155/2020/8862738
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Chandola T. Brunner E. Marmot M. Chronic stress at work and the metabolic syndrome: Prospective study. BMJ 2006 332 7540 521 525 10.1136/bmj.38693.435301.80 16428252
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Segan L. Prabhu S. Kalman J.M. Kistler P.M. Atrial fibrillation and stress. JACC Clin. Electrophysiol. 2022 8 8 1051 1059 10.1016/j.jacep.2021.12.008 35981797
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Rosman L. Lampert R. Ramsey C.M. Dziura J. Chui P.W. Brandt C. Haskell S. Burg M.M. Posttraumatic stress disorder and risk for early incident atrial fibrillation: A prospective cohort study of 1.1 million young adults. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2019 8 19 e013741 10.1161/JAHA.119.013741 31564191
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Huang J.L. Chiou C.W. Ting C.T. Chen Y.T. Chen S.A. Sudden changes in heart rate variability during the 1999 Taiwan earthquake. Am. J. Cardiol. 2001 87 2 245 248, A9 10.1016/S0002‑9149(00)01331‑X 11152854
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Wang X. Wang R. Liu G. Dong J. Zhao G. Tian J. Sun J. Jia X. Wei L. Wang Y. Li W. The β3 adrenergic receptor agonist BRL37344 exacerbates atrial structural remodeling through iNOS uncoupling in canine models of atrial fibrillation. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2016 38 2 514 530 10.1159/000438647 26828873
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Perlini S. Atrial fibrillation and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Atrial Fibrillation - Mechanisms and Treatment. InTech 2013 10.5772/53917
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Chung M.K. Martin D.O. Sprecher D. Wazni O. Kanderian A. Carnes C.A. Bauer J.A. Tchou P.J. Niebauer M.J. Natale A. Van Wagoner D.R. C-reactive protein elevation in patients with atrial arrhythmias: Inflammatory mechanisms and persistence of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2001 104 24 2886 2891 10.1161/hc4901.101760 11739301
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Eaker E.D. Sullivan L.M. Kelly-Hayes M. D’Agostino R.B. Sr Benjamin E.J. Tension and anxiety and the prediction of the 10-year incidence of coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and total mortality: The framingham offspring study. Psychosom. Med. 2005 67 5 692 696 10.1097/01.psy.0000174050.87193.96 16204425
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Brignole M. Moya A. de Lange F.J. Deharo J.C. Elliott P.M. Fanciulli A. Fedorowski A. Furlan R. Kenny R.A. Martín A. Probst V. Reed M.J. Rice C.P. Sutton R. Ungar A. van Dijk J.G. Torbicki A. Moreno J. Aboyans V. Agewall S. Asteggiano R. Blanc J-J. Bornstein N. Boveda S. Bueno H. Burri H. Coca A. Collet J-P. Costantino G. Díaz-Infante E. Delgado V. Dolmans F. Gaemperli O. Gajek J. Hindricks G. Kautzner J. Knuuti J. Kulakowski P. Lambrinou E. Leclercq C. Mabo P. Morillo C.A. Piepoli M.F. Roffi M. Shen W.K. Simpson I.A. Stockburger M. Vanbrabant P. Windecker S. Zamorano J.L. Windecker S. Aboyans V. Agewall S. Barbato E. Bueno H. Coca A. Collet J-P. Coman I.M. Dean V. Delgado V. Fitzsimons D. Gaemperli O. Hindricks G. Iung B. Jüni P. Katus H.A. Knuuti J. Lancellotti P. Leclercq C. McDonagh T. Piepoli M.F. Ponikowski P. Richter D.J. Roffi M. Shlyakhto E. Sousa-Uva M. Simpson I.A. Zamorano J.L. Roithinger F.X. Chasnoits A. Vandekerckhove Y. Traykov V.B. Puljevic D. Papasavvas E. Kautzner J. Mølgaard H. Nawar M. Parikka H. Vavlukis M. Piot O. Etsadashvili K. Klingenheben T. Deftereos S. Sághy L. Gudmundsson K. Beinart R. Raviele A. Abdrakhmanov A. Mirrakhimov E. Kalejs O. Benlamin H.A. Puodziukynas A. Dimmer C. Sammut M.A. Raducan A. Vukmirović M. Abdelali S. Hemels M.E.W. Haugaa K.H. Baranowski R. Cunha P.S. Dan G-A. Tyurina T. Bertelli L. Mitro P. Lozano I.F. Bergfeldt L. Osswald S. Afef B.H. Özdemír H.M. Lim P.B. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur. Heart J. 2018 39 21 1883 1948 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037 29562304
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Wilhelm M. Roten L. Tanner H. Wilhelm I. Schmid J.P. Saner H. Atrial remodeling, autonomic tone, and lifetime training hours in nonelite athletes. Am. J. Cardiol. 2011 108 4 580 585 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.03.086 21658663
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Malmo V. Nes B.M. Amundsen B.H. Tjonna A.E. Stoylen A. Rossvoll O. Wisloff U. Loennechen J.P. Aerobic interval training reduces the burden of atrial fibrillation in the short term. Circulation 2016 133 5 466 473 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018220 26733609
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Qureshi W.T. Alirhayim Z. Blaha M.J. Juraschek S.P. Keteyian S.J. Brawner C.A. Al-Mallah M.H. Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: Results from the Henry Ford exercise testing (FIT) project. Circulation 2015 131 21 1827 1834 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014833 25904645
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Schnohr P. O’Keefe J.H. Marott J.L. Lange P. Jensen G.B. Dose of jogging and long-term mortality: The Copenhagen city heart study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2015 65 5 411 419 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.11.023 25660917
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Mont L. Elosua R. Brugada J. Endurance sport practice as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Europace 2008 11 1 11 17 10.1093/europace/eun289 18988654
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Mascia G. Perrotta L. Galanti G. Padeletti L. Atrial fibrillation in athletes. Int. J. Sports Med. 2013 34 5 379 384 23041967
    [Google Scholar]
  91. D’Ascenzi F. Cameli M. Ciccone M.M. Maiello M. Modesti P.A. Mondillo S. Muiesan M.L. Scicchitano P. Novo S. Palmiero P. Saba P.S. Pedrinelli R. The controversial relationship between exercise and atrial fibrillation. J. Cardiovasc. Med. (Hagerstown) 2015 16 12 802 810 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000211 25469735
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Atwood J.E. Myers J.N. Tang X.C. Reda D.J. Singh S.N. Singh B.N. Exercise capacity in atrial fibrillation: A substudy of the sotalol-amiodarone atrial fibrillation efficacy trial (SAFE-T). Am. Heart J. 2007 153 4 566 572 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.12.020 17383295
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Knight J.A. Physical inactivity: Associated diseases and disorders. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 2012 42 3 320 337 22964623
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Ward R.C. DeSimone C.V. Environmental factors impact clinical outcomes in atrial fibrillation Mayo Clin Proc 2020 95 11 2312 2314 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.09.028
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Stockfelt L. Andersson E.M. Molnár P. Gidhagen L. Segersson D. Rosengren A. Barregard L. Sallsten G. Long-term effects of total and source-specific particulate air pollution on incident cardiovascular disease in Gothenburg, Sweden. Environ. Res. 2017 158 61 71 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.036 28600978
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Yue C. Yang F. Li F. Chen Y. Association between air pollutants and atrial fibrillation in general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2021 208 111508 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111508 33142159
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Sheehy S. Fonarow G.C. Holmes D.N. Lewis W.R. Matsouaka R.A. Piccini J.P. Zhi L. Bhatt D.L. Seasonal variation of atrial fibrillation admission and quality of care in the United States. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2022 11 4 e023110 10.1161/JAHA.121.023110 35156386
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Monrad M. Sajadieh A. Christensen J.S. Ketzel M. Raaschou-Nielsen O. Tjønneland A. Overvad K. Loft S. Sørensen M. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: A cohort study. Environ. Health Perspect. 2017 125 3 422 427 10.1289/EHP392 27472911
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Comelli I. Ferro J. Lippi G. Comelli D. Sartori E. Cervellin G. Incidence of acute-onset atrial fibrillation correlates with air temperature. Results of a nine-year survey. J. Epidemiol. Glob. Health 2014 4 3 151 157 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.12.003 25107650
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/chddt/10.2174/011871529X335166241203183331
Loading
Environmental Factors, Occupational Hazards, and Seasonal Changes: Unveiling the Triggers of Atrial Fibrillation
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X335166241203183331
/content/journals/chddt/10.2174/011871529X335166241203183331
/content/journals/chddt/10.2174/011871529X335166241203183331
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

PRISMA checklist is available as supplementary material on the publisher’s website along with the published article.

file format download Download

  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: environmental factors ; occupational hazards ; Atrial fibrillation ; seasonal changes

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test