Current Diabetes Reviews - Volume 16, Issue 8, 2020

Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of micro and macrovascular complications. During hyperglycemic conditions, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells are exquisitely sensitive to high glucose. This high glucose-induced sustained reactive oxygen species production leads to redox imbalance, which is associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular wall remodeling. Nrf2, a redox-regulated transcr Read More

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease with significant impression in today's world. Aside from the most common types recognized over the years, such as type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), recent studies have emphasized the crucial role of genetics in DM, allowing the distinction of monogenic diabetes. Methods: Authors did a literature search with the purpose of highlighting and clari Read More

Background: We thought to delve deeper into seven meta-analyses of major clinical trials focusing on Glucagon-Like Peptide-One Receptor Agonist (GLP-1 RA) cardioprotective effect. Aim: We explored the role of GLP-1 RA in cardiovascular risk protection as the primary outcome in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: The current review has explored and critically appraised seven meta-analyses of placebo- control Read More

Background: The modern society is extremely prone to many life-threatening diseases, which can be easily controlled as well as cured if diagnosed at an early stage. The development and implementation of a disease diagnostic system have gained huge popularity over the years. In the current scenario, there are certain factors such as environment, sedentary lifestyle, genetic (hereditary) are the major factors behind the life th Read More

Background: The vast majority of individuals diagnosed with diabetes are low/middle income and may have access to only three of the 11 oral hypoglycemic medications (OHMs) due to cost: metformin intermediate release (IR) or extended release (ER), sulfonylureas (glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide), and pioglitazone. Sulfonylureas and pioglitazone have had significant controversy related to potential adverse events, but it r Read More

Background & Introduction: Patient’s self-management behaviors are essential to control diabetes. Studies have demonstrated that health educational interventions can improve some aspects of glycemic control and clinical outcomes, however, it is unclear which education theories underlying these interventions improve effectiveness. In this review of the literature, we aimed to assess the efficacy of health educatio Read More

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main macro vascular complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), increases the risk of death significantly in patients with T2D. Introduction: Most of the patients with T2D do not have obvious CVD symptoms. Due to the paucity of data, CVD screening in asymptomatic patients with T2D remains highly controversial. Methods: This has driven a panel of experts to establish a novel consensu Read More

Background: Technological developments concerning the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus have been rapid in the latest years. Insulin infusion systems along with continuous glucose monitoring, as well as long-acting insulin analogues, are part of this progress. Objective: The aim of this study is to present the illness perceptions in type 1 diabetes mellitus, with or without the use of an insulin pump. Sexual life and body im Read More

Background: Insulin resistance initiated in peripheral tissues induces type 2 diabetes (T2D). It occurs when insulin signaling is impaired. Introduction: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) are important for insulin signaling. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the PI3K gene have been associated with T2D. Methods: We have investigated the association of Glu545Lys and His1047Tyr mutations of phosphatidylinositol- 4,5-bisphospha Read More

Background: Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is a key component in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of swimming exercise on pancreatic expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, miR-146a and NF-ΚB in type-2 diabetic male rats. Methods: Twenty- eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (Con), exercise, diabetes and d Read More

Aims: Investigation thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Background: This article was written to evaluate the thyroid function and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti- TPO) antibodies in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 252 women with GDM and 252 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Thyroid tests, including TSH, FreeT3, Read More

Background: Recent studies have suggested that hyperglycaemia influences the bile acid profile and concentrations of secondary bile acids in the gut. Introduction: This study aimed to measure changes in the bile acid profile in the gut, tissues, and faeces in type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Methods: T1D and T2D were established in a mouse model. Twenty-one seven-weeks old balb/c mice were randomly divi Read More

Background: Diabetic foot is a major public health problem and their complications are an imperative cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Objective: To evaluate the rate of recurrence of foot ulcers post two years of follow-up, including the associated risk factors in the patients attending the diabetic foot clinic at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan. Methods: A Read More