Current Diabetes Reviews - Volume 13, Issue 6, 2017

Background: In the era following the publication of results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial / Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study, care for patients with type 1 diabetes has dramatically improved. Objective/Methods: The present review specifically focused on the epidemiology of cardiovascular complications among adults with type 1 diabetes, summarizing evidence on t Read More

Background: If we are to gain a full and complete understanding of mechanisms of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescent type 1 diabetes mechanistic risk markers must be developed that predict risk accurately and which can be used as endpoints for short or intermediate term intervention studies aimed at reducing risk. A variety of biochemical and vascular markers have potential to meet these requirements. B Read More

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a result of macrovascular changes is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). While CVD complications are seen predominantly in adulthood, the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood and is accelerated in patients with T1DM. This review focuses on the epidemiology of traditional CVD risk factors in adolescents with T1DM, its association wit Read More

Background: Despite recent advances in improved glycemic control, the magnitude of lifetime risk from premature cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes remains at least 10 fold higher than in the general population. The availability of lipoprotein fractionation has allowed the spotlight for this increased risk to shift from dysglycemia to diabetes-induced dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance. Read More

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common endocrine complication in pregnancy. While it has been established that age, family history of diabetes, insulin resistance and several biomarkers are associated with GDM but significant gaps remain in understanding risk factors for GDM. Soluble pro-renin receptor (s [Pro] RR) as a biomarker reflects the activation of renin-angiotensin system in tissues which may be r Read More

Introduction: One challenging problem in patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the elevate incidence of cardiovascular events. Exercise has been proved useful in reducing cardiovascular risks in these patients. However, both type 1 and 2 DM significantly affect the cardiovascular response during exercise. Therefore, on one side exercise is considered to be a valid therapeutic tool for DM, whereas on the other side Read More

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic hyperglycemic condition with major health concern on a global scale. DM is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder stemming from defective insulin secretion and/or resistance to action of insulin. Diabetes is recognized cause of male sexual dysfunction and affects reproductive function in humans and animal models, including the endocrine control of spermatogenesis, erectil Read More

Background: Uncontrolled or long-term diabetes mellitus is conducive to vascular and oxidative stress disturbances that impede several physiological systems, which may in turn elicit psychological symptoms. Objective: We assess the sexual and hormonal complications of diabetes mellitus that impair reproductive function in males and females. Methods: A comprehensive MEDLINE® search was guided using key wo Read More

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a condition of multifactorial origin, is related to the intestinal microbiota by numerous molecular mechanisms. Controlling the vast increase in the prevalence of diabetes needs a natural and safe solution. Probiotics, known as live microorganisms that exert health benefits to the host, have anti-diabetic property. Objective: This review will highlight the current evidences in probiotic effectivene Read More

Background: With the use of intensive insulin therapy and insulin secretagogues to optimize glycemic control in diabetes, hypoglycemia continues to present a clinical challenge. Hypoglycemia has been implicated in nocturnal sudden death in type 1 diabetes, and the mechanism underlying this is postulated to be cardiac arrhythmia. Objective: This article reviews the evidence surrounding hypoglycemia and cardiac arrhythmia. Read More

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the foremost causes of mortality in diabetic patients as a result of increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) rate and compromised renal function. Introduction: Determination of increased excretion of albumin in urine chiefly attribute to the onset and progression of DN. However, due to certain limitations of albuminuria, the search for more sensitive, specific and reliable ren Read More