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- Volume 3, Issue 4, 2023
Current Chinese Science - Volume 3, Issue 4, 2023
Volume 3, Issue 4, 2023
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Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence Associated with Infertility in Men: Future Aspects
Authors: Mohammad N. Khan, Anusruthi Mallela, M.G. Nishanthi, Lakshmi Chandran and Ankul Singh S.Infertility in men is more than 50% of cases and the real cause of infertility cannot be determined by various factors and lack of technology. Infertility in males is a rising health concern across the globe affecting around 7 percent of the total male population in the world. Various risk factors are associated with several diseases’ outcomes and those involved have been shown to cause infertility with male background due to their prone habits. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has evolved so far as treatment options for infertility by manipulating sperm or egg for a woman to conceive being the only hope of bearing a biological child. Ancient medical techniques could be enhanced using augmented reality with additional metrics to include orientation, 3D location of speculations, and proximity to adjacent structures. With image-guided surgery, the need to integrate medical imaging with surgery has promoted the research for new visualization modalities based on AR, as surgical guidance or tool for surgical planning/diagnosis. Moreover, AR has its advantage in high-quality data curation which establishes the fact that both AI and AR can be associated together and make it useful in the imaging of infertile men. At present, research focuses on improving sperm retrieval and assisted conception methods and perhaps in the future less invasive procedures like AI and AR may be an option that provide Insight into data curation and enhanced intelligence in the Imaging of cells.
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Electrospinning Fabrication of PA66 Colloidal Crystal Fibers with Various Morphologies
Authors: Pei Guangchen, Wu Pingping and Wang JingxiaColloidal crystal (CC) fiber has unique light manipulation properties, fiber flexibility, and the potential to be used in the textile industry as an alternative to chemical dyes. Introducing polyamide 66 (PA66) into CC fiber can effectively improve the performance of fibers. In this study, polyamide 66 (PA66) CC fibers with various morphologies were fabricated by electrospinning using high-tensile PA66 and P(St-MMA-AA) latex particles as raw materials, such as closepacked, inlaid, noodle-like, spindle knots, bamboo-like, semi-enclosed, hat-like, etc. The formation mechanism of various fibers was analyzed based on the phase separation and assembly interaction. The prepared PA66 CC fiber film was reported to have unique structural color and enhanced mechanical properties, which can be used as a substrate for drawing various patterns. This work will provide a novel idea for the fabrication of functional CC fiber, which is helpful for the potential applications in the textile industry.
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Optimization of Single Screw Extrusion Processing Variables and Soy and Rice Flour Blend Formulations based on Physical Properties of Extrudates
Authors: Pranabendu Mitra, Srikanth M. Pakki, Binu Acharya and Sagar KhanvilkarBackground: Extruded cereals and snacks are mainly carbohydrates. Most adults require more protein above RDA by restricting carbohydrates for many health benefits. A wide variety of soy protein-rich extrudates can be produced by blending with rice flour. However, optimum extrusion processing variables (i.e., screw speed, die temperature, and product formulations) are required for maximum retention of nutrients with desired product characteristics. Objective: The objective of this study was to optimize the extrusion operating conditions and soy flour and rice flour blend formulations for developing protein-rich cereal-like extrudates. Methods: Twenty formulations using CCRD with the combinations of soy flour content (43-77%), die temperature (123-157°C), and screw speed (250-350 rpm) were extruded using a single screw extruder. The physical properties (expansion ratio, density, porosity, hardness, crispness, color, and water solubility index) of extrudates were determined. The regression models and 3-dimensional response surface models were developed for each property of extrudates using RSM. Numerical and graphical optimizations were conducted based on the desirability to determine an optimum condition. Results: The regression models were able to predict the physical properties of extrudates with an accuracy of 75-90%, depending on their properties. The 3-dimensional response surface models indicated that the soy flour content, die temperature, and screw speed affected the physical properties of extrudates significantly (p < 0.05). Soy flour content (50-55%), die temperature (140-145°C), and screw speed (290-320 rpm) were very effective for the desired quality of soy flour and rice flour blend extrudates. Conclusion: The optimum condition is expected to be very useful for soy protein and rice flour blend extruded cereal-like product development commercially within the experimental range.
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Construction of Flower-like ZnO Nanoclusters on Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets for Room Temperature Formaldehyde Sensing
Authors: Huiyun Hu, Lanpeng Guo, Hongping Liang, Ruofei Lu, Sitao Lv, Chenxu Wang, Liming Liu, Haihong Yang, Yi-Kuen Lee, Paddy J. French, Hao Li, Yao Wang and Guofu ZhouBackground: Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the sources of indoor air pollution and a recognized carcinogenic gas, which sets a huge threat to human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a formaldehyde gas sensor with high efficiency, low consumption, and low limit of detection. Methods: With solvothermal and supramolecular assembly methods, we fabricate a nanocomposite of ZnO/5-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through in situ assembling flower-like ZnO nanoclusters on ANS-modified graphene nanosheets for room temperature formaldehyde detection. Results: The flower-like ZnO/ANS-rGO based gas sensor exhibits high response (32%, 5 ppm), ultra-fast response/recovery times (18/23 s), high selectivity, long-term stability and a low practical limit of detection (pLOD) of 1 ppm toward HCHO at room temperature, offering significant advantages and competitiveness in chemiresistive room temperature HCHO sensors. Conclusion: The unique flower-like nanostructure of ZnO and the functionalization with ANS molecules jointly improved the HCHO sensing performance of the composite at room temperature. This work provides a new approach to designing and preparing high-performance room temperature gas sensing materials.
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A Double-Emulsion Method for the Fabrication of PLA Single-Hole Hollow Particles
Authors: Yanan Li, Liyun Zhang, Rui Tian, Dicky Pranantyo, Linfeng Chen and Fan XiaBackground: Polymeric hollow particles with a single-hole structure have attracted broad interest due to their combined advantages of a hollow cavity and an opening hole in the shell. Aim: In the past decades, much progress has been made in the fabrication of such particles with various strategies. However, there is a lack of research on the easy fabrication of biodegradable polylactide (PLA) single hole particles (PLA SHHPs). Methods: In this work, we reported a simple double emulsion method for the fabrication of PLA SHHPs. The W/O/W double emulsion was formed by homogenizing PLA chloroform and brilliant blue G (BBG) solution. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for the characterization. It was found that the concentrations of PLA chloroform and BBG solution both had a significant influence on the emulsion structure. Results: PLA SHHPs with a percentage >85% were obtained from the emulsion composed of PLA chloroform (10.0 w%) and BBG solution (4 mM). The particle formation mechanism was also proposed based on the result of the low interfacial tension between PLA chloroform/BBG solution. Conclusion: The results may inspire new development of PLA particles with unique structures, which are promising to be used in drug delivery, catalysis, microreaction and micromotors.
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Advances in Two-dimensional (2D) Inorganic Chiral Materials and 2D Organic-inorganic Hybrid Chiral Materials
Authors: Wenyan Zhang, Hangmin Guan, Yingfei Hu, Wei Wang, Fei Liu, Xiaoli Yang and Lingyun HaoRecently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained immense attention, as they are promising in various application fields, such as energy storage, thermal management, photodetectors, catalysis, field-effect transistors, and photovoltaic modules. These merits of 2D materials are attributed to their unique structure and properties. Chirality is an intrinsic property of a substance, which means the substance can not overlap with its mirror image. Significant progress has been made in chiral science, for chirality uniquely influences a chiral substance's performance. With the rapid development of chiral science, it became unveiled that chirality not only exists in chiral organic molecules but can also be induced in 2D inorganic materials and 2D organic-inorganic hybrid materials by breaking the chiral symmetry within their framework to form 2D chiral materials. Compared with 2D materials that do not have chirality, these 2D inorganic chiral materials and 2D organic-inorganic hybrid chiral materials exhibit innovative performance due to chiral symmetry breaking. Nevertheless, at present, only a fraction of work is available which comprehensively sums up the progress of these promising 2D chiral materials. Thus, given their high potential, it is urgent to summarize these newly developed 2D chiral materials comprehensively. In the current study, to feature and highlight their major significance, the recent progress of 2D inorganic materials and 2D organic-inorganic hybrid materials from their chemical composition and categories, application potential associated with their unique properties, and present synthesis strategies to fabricate them along with discussion concerning the development challenges and their bright future were reviewed. This review is anticipated to be instructive and provide a high understanding of advanced functional 2D materials with chirality.
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Cyclization of 2-Aminopyridines as Binucleophile and Mucobromic Acid as C3 Synthon: A New Access to Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridines
Authors: Qi Chen, Huan-Qing Li, Zhao-Hua Chen, Zu-Jia Chen, Kai Yang, You-Cai Zhang and Zhao-Yang WangFor the first time, we have developed a strategy that provides an access to imidazo[ 1,2-a] pyridines via the cyclization of 2-aminopyridine with mucobromic acid as C3 synthon. In the combination with theoretical calculation, the reaction mechanism is proposed. Background: 2-Aminopyridines are the typical pyridine α-site derivatives, which have received growing interest in using as a kind of synthons in organic synthesis and drug synthesis because of their special binucleophilic framework. Methods: All these obtained compounds were characterized by NMR. Among them, 3a was characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. All the theoretical calculation works were performed by Gaussian software. Results: A series of the desired compounds can be synthesized at room temperature via a mild procedure under the promotion of simple inorganic base K2CO3. Conclusion: This mild strategy fits the concept of green chemistry, providing a novel idea for the construction of nitrogen-containing polyheterocyclic compounds.
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