s Emerging Marine Immunomodulatory Small-molecules (2010-Present)

Background: Immunomodulation-based therapy has achieved a breakthrough in the last decade, which stimulates the passion of searching for potential immunomodulatory substances in recent years. Objective: Marine natural products are a unique source of immunomodulatory substances. This paper summarized the emerging marine natural small-molecules and related synthesized derivatives with immunomodulatory activities to provide readers an overview of these bioactive molecules and their potential in immunomodulation therapy. Conclusion: An increasing number of immunomodulatory marine small-molecules with diverse intriguing structure-skeletons were discovered. They may serve as a basis for further studies of marine natural products for their chemistry, related mechanism of action and structure- activity relationships.