Clinical Cancer Drugs - Volume 10, Issue 1, 2024

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the global incidence of oral cancer, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, especially when diagnosed at advanced stages. The integration of technology holds great promise for early detection and diagnosis, facilitating improved patient management for clinicians. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) presents a potential breakthrough in oral cancer screening, as it can meticulously analyze vast datasets from various imaging modalities, offering valuable support in the field of oncology. This review focuses on a spectrum of AI techniques utilized for early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer. Additionally, AI techniques may be employed for the effective treatment of oral cancer. Using the abundance of information acquired, this article provides an in-depth overview and discussion of AI's value and benefits in oral cancer screening, early detection, disease prediction, and therapy, among other areas. Furthermore, it identifies present limits and forecasts the hopeful future of AI in oral cancer research.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Conventional treatments for CRC, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have long been the primary options for patients. However, their therapeutic success rates are relatively low, necessitating the development of novel technologies. The prognosis for metastatic CRC patients has historically been unsatisfactory. Recent efforts have focused on advancing our understanding of CRC progression, leading to improvements in CRC management and the identification of key regulatory genes involved in colorectal cancer. The complex interaction between the tumor microenvironment and CRC progression has unveiled new immunotherapy targets, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell-based therapies. Additionally, novel approaches targeting cell signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation and metastasis in CRC show great potential for improving patient outcomes. This article explores and summarizes the epidemiology, carcinogenesis, and stages of CRC, as well as current treatment strategies and drug targets. It highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and progression in colorectal cancer.