Ramalin: A Multi-Mechanistic Lichen Metabolite of Pharmacological Importance

Background: Ramalin (γ-glutamyl-N'-(2-hydroxyphenyl) hydrazide), a nitrogencontaining lichen secondary metabolite, was isolated from Ramalina terebrata, an Antarctic lichen. Since then, it has attracted several researchers, thus leading to various research investigations exploring the pharmacological potential of Ramalin. Methods: The bibliographic databases were explored for the peer-reviewed research related to the pharmacological importance of Ramalin. Results: The article summarizes the antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, antibacterial, and antiallergic activities of this molecule. Additionally, the studies conducted to show the potential of Ramalin in atherosclerosis, atopic dermatitis, neurodegenerative disorders, hepatic fibrosis and its role in autophagy suppression and enzyme inhibition are also described briefly. Moreover, the experimental findings also depict that Ramalin did not show any toxicity. Conclusion: The current review shall be beneficial for future researchers interested in working on Ramalin because it summarizes all the relevant publications starting from its first-time isolation to the articles of 2021.