Piper betle: Ancient Remedies and Modern Neuropharmacological Insights

The traditional use of medicinal plants holds a wealth of ancient wisdom that inspires modern research. Piper betle, generally recognized as betel leaf, is valued in traditional medicine systems across various cultures for its diverse health benefits. The betel leaves have several significant uses as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activity which help in neuroprotection. Many phytochemicals are present in the betel leaves, including hydroxychavicol, caryophyllene, eugenols, tannins, and polyphenols, which have positive activity on neurological and other cognitive impairments. Some studies have shown that Piper betel has a cholinergic activity that directly decreases the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which are significantly associated with reduced levels of Acetylcholine (Ach) levels in cholinergic dysfunction. This review article delves into the historical significance of Piper betle in traditional medicine and its relevance to contemporary neuropharmacology. By revisiting the age-old wisdom surrounding Piper betle, we aim to uncover its potential as a valuable source of natural neuropharmacological agents for various neurological conditions.