Current Alzheimer Research - Volume 14, Issue 11, 2017

Background: Microglial activation is a hallmark of neuroinflammation, seen in most acute and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions. With growing knowledge about microglia functions in surveying the brain for alterations, microglial activation is increasingly discussed in the context of disease progression and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remain largely unclear. While p Read More

Objective: The dramatic increase in the population with dementia expected in the next decades is accompanied by the establishment of novel and innovated methods that will offer accurate and efficient detection of the disease in its early stages. While Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, by the time it is typically diagnosed, substantial neuronal loss and neuropathological lesions can damage many brain Read More

Background: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a neuroprotective cytokine that promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the brain. In animal models, it has been shown that environmental enrichment and exercise, two non-pharmacological interventions that are beneficial decreasing the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) and depressive-like behavior, enhance hippocampal VEGF expression and neurog Read More

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a cognitive dysfunction/dementia state amongst the elders is characterized by irreversible neurodegeneration due to varied pathophysiology. Up till now, anti-AD drugs having different pharmacology have been developed and used in clinic. Yet, these medications are not curative and only lowering the AD associated symptoms. Improvement in treatment outcome requi Read More

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) typically affects behavior, memory and thinking. The change in brain have been reported to begin approx. 10-20 years before the appearance of actual symptoms and diagnosis of AD. An early stage diagnosis and treatment of this lethal disease is the prime challenge, which is mainly halted by the lack of validated biomarkers. Method: Recent nanotechnological advancements have the potent Read More

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common and well-studied neurodegenerative disease (ND). Biological pathways, pathophysiology and genetics of AD show commonalities with other NDs viz. Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), Prion disease and Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). Many of the NDs, sharing the common features and molecular mechani Read More

Background: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which generally affects people who are more than 60 years of age. The disease is clinically characterised by dementia, loss of cognitive functions and massive neurodegeneration. The presence of neurofibrilary tangles and amyloid plaques in the hippocampal region of the brain are the hallmarks of the disease. Current therapeutic approaches for the treatm Read More

Background: Previous studies have suggested that the expression of Aβ and clusterin is positively correlated. However, the causal relationship between Aβ and clusterin has not been exactly clarified. Methods: In this study, primary hippocampal neurons were treated with Aβ42; clusterin mRNA and protein expression was assessed. Furthermore, we evaluated Aβ and clusterin protein expression in the brains of APP/PSEN1 Read More

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a neuroinflammation triggering chemoattractant signals towards peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which in turn could reduce amyloid plaques after transmigration through the blood brain barrier (BBB). But the chemotactic environment remains unclear. Objective: To analyze five chemokines known to be involved in AD in three different cellular Read More

Objective: Generation and accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide after proteolytic processing of the full length amyloid precursor protein (FL-APP) by β-secretase (β-site APP cleaving enzyme or BACE1) and γ-secretase are the main causal factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, inhibition of BACE1, a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of Aβ, is an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. Recen Read More

Background: As a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) itself causes cognitive impairment and has higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the cognition especially the episodic memory difference, the DMN functional connectivity and DMN-related white matter integrity in patients with both T2DM and amnestic MCI (T2DM Read More