Skip to content
2000
Volume 20, Issue 7
  • ISSN: 1573-4099
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6697

Abstract

Background

People of all nationalities and social classes are now affected by the growing issue of hypertension. Over time, there has been a consistent rise in the fatality rate. A range of therapeutic compounds, on the other hand, are often used to handle hypertension.

Objectives

The objectives of this study are first to design potential antihypertensive drugs based on the DHP scaffold, secondly, to analyse drug-likeness properties of the ligands and investigate their molecular mechanisms of binding to the model protein Cav1.2 and finally to synthesise the best ligand.

Materials and Methods

Due to the lack of 3D structures for human Cav1.2, the protein structure was modelled using a homology modelling approach. A protein-ligand complex's strength and binding interaction were investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics techniques. DFT-based electronic properties of the ligand were calculated using the M06-2X/ def2-TZVP level of theory. The SwissADME website was used to study the ADMET properties.

Results

In this study, a series of DHP compounds ( compounds) were properly designed to act as calcium channel blockers. Among these compounds, compound showed excellent binding scores (-11.6 kcal/mol). This compound was synthesised with good yield and characterised. To assess the structural features of the synthesised molecule quantum chemical calculations were performed.

Conclusion

Based on molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and drug-likeness properties of compound can be used as a potential calcium channel blocker.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cad/10.2174/0115734099273719231005062524
2023-10-19
2025-05-30
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. ZhouB. Carrillo-LarcoR.M. DanaeiG. RileyL.M. PaciorekC.J. StevensG.A. GreggE.W. BennettJ.E. SolomonB. SingletonR.K. SophieaM.K. IurilliM.L.C. LhosteV.P.F. CowanM.J. SavinS. WoodwardM. BalanovaY. CifkovaR. DamascenoA. ElliottP. FarzadfarF. HeJ. IkedaN. KengneA.P. KhangY-H. KimH.C. LaxmaiahA. LinH-H. Margozzini MairaP. MirandaJ.J. NeuhauserH. SundströmJ. VargheseC. WidyaheningI.S. ZdrojewskiT. Abarca-GómezL. AbdeenZ.A. Abdul RahimH.F. Abu-RmeilehN.M. Acosta-CazaresB. AdamsR.J. AekplakornW. AfsanaK. AfzalS. AgdeppaI.A. Aghazadeh-AttariJ. Aguilar-SalinasC.A. AgyemangC. AhmadN.A. AhmadiA. AhmadiN. AhmadiN. AhmadizarF. AhmedS.H. AhrensW. AjlouniK. Al-RaddadiR. AlaroujM. AlBuhairanF. AlDhukairS. AliM.M. AlkandariA. AlkerwiA. AllinK. AlyE. AmarapurkarD.N. AmougouN. AmouyelP. AndersenL.B. AnderssenS.A. AnjanaR.M. Ansari-MoghaddamA. AnsongD. Aounallah-SkhiriH. AraújoJ. AriansenI. ArisT. ArkuR.E. ArlappaN. AryalK.K. AspelundT. AssahF.K. AssunçãoM.C.F. AuvinenJ. AvdićováM. AzevedoA. Azimi-NezhadM. AziziF. AzminM. BabuB.V. BahijriS. BalakrishnaN. BamoshmooshM. BanachM. BanadinovićM. BandoszP. BanegasJ.R. BaranJ. BarbagalloC.M. BarcelóA. BarkatA. BarretoM. BarrosA.J.D. BarrosM.V.G. BartosiewiczA. BasitA. BastosJ.L.D. BataI. BatiehaA.M. BatyrbekA. BaurL.A. BeagleholeR. BelavendraA. Ben RomdhaneH. BenetM. BensonL.S. BerkinbayevS. Bernabe-OrtizA. BernotieneG. BettiolH. BezerraJ. BhagyalaxmiA. BhargavaS.K. BiaD. BiaschK. Bika Lele, E.C.; Bikbov, M.M.; Bista, B.; Bjerregaard, P.; Bjertness, E.; Bjertness, M.B.; Björkelund, C.; Bloch, K.V.; Blokstra, A.; Bo, S.; Bobak, M.; Boeing, H.; Boggia, J.G.; Boissonnet, C.P.; Bojesen, S.E.; Bongard, V.; Bonilla-Vargas, A.; Bopp, M.; Borghs, H.; Bovet, P.; Boyer, C.B.; Braeckman, L.; Brajkovich, I.; Branca, F.; Breckenkamp, J.; Brenner, H.; Brewster, L.M.; Briceño, Y.; Brito, M.; Bruno, G.; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B.; Bueno, G.; Bugge, A.; Burns, C.; Bursztyn, M.; Cabrera de León, A.; Cacciottolo, J.; Cameron, C.; Can, G.; Cândido, A.P.C.; Capanzana, M.V.; Čapková, N.; Capuano, E.; Capuano, V.; Cardoso, V.C.; Carlsson, A.C.; Carvalho, J.; Casanueva, F.F.; Censi, L.; Cervantes-Loaiza, M.; Chadjigeorgiou, C.A.; Chamukuttan, S.; Chan, A.W.; Chan, Q.; Chaturvedi, H.K.; Chaturvedi, N.; Chee, M.L.; Chen, C-J.; Chen, F.; Chen, H.; Chen, S.; Chen, Z.; Cheng, C-Y.; Cheraghian, B.; Cherkaoui Dekkaki, I.; Chetrit, A.; Chien, K-L.; Chiolero, A.; Chiou, S-T.; Chirita-Emandi, A.; Chirlaque, M-D.; Cho, B.; Christensen, K.; Christofaro, D.G.; Chudek, J.; Cinteza, E.; Claessens, F.; Clarke, J.; Clays, E.; Cohen, E.; Concin, H.; Cooper, C.; Coppinger, T.C.; Costanzo, S.; Cottel, D.; Cowell, C.; Craig, C.L.; Crampin, A.C.; Crujeiras, A.B.; Cruz, J.J.; Csilla, S.; Cui, L.; Cureau, F.V.; Cuschieri, S.; D’Arrigo, G.; d’Orsi, E.; Dallongeville, J.; Dankner, R.; Dantoft, T.M.; Dauchet, L.; Davletov, K.; De Backer, G.; De Bacquer, D.; De Curtis, A.; de Gaetano, G.; De Henauw, S.; de Oliveira, P.D.; De Ridder, D.; De Smedt, D.; Deepa, M.; Deev, A.D.; DeGennaro, V.J.; Delisle, H.; Demarest, S.; Dennison, E.; Deschamps, V.; Dhimal, M.; Di Castelnuovo, A.F.; Dias-da-Costa, J.S.; Diaz, A.; Dickerson, T.T.; Dika, Z.; Djalalinia, S.; Do, H.T.P.; Dobson, A.J.; Donfrancesco, C.; Donoso, S.P.; Döring, A.; Dorobantu, M.; Dörr, M.; Doua, K.; Dragano, N.; Drygas, W.; Duante, C.A.; Duboz, P.; Duda, R.B.; Dulskiene, V.; Dushpanova, A.; Džakula, A.; Dzerve, V.; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E.; Eddie, R.; Eftekhar, E.; Eggertsen, R.; Eghtesad, S.; Eiben, G.; Ekelund, U.; El-Khateeb, M.; El Ati, J.; Eldemire-Shearer, D.; Eliasen, M.; Elosua, R.; Erasmus, R.T.; Erbel, R.; Erem, C.; Eriksen, L.; Eriksson, J.G.; Escobedo-de la Peña, J.; Eslami, S.; Esmaeili, A.; Evans, A.; Faeh, D.; Fakhretdinova, A.A.; Fall, C.H.; Faramarzi, E.; Farjam, M.; Fattahi, M.R.; Fawwad, A.; Felix-Redondo, F.J.; Felix, S.B.; Ferguson, T.S.; Fernandes, R.A.; Fernández-Bergés, D.; Ferrante, D.; Ferrao, T.; Ferrari, M.; Ferrario, M.M.; Ferreccio, C.; Ferreira, H.S.; Ferrer, E.; Ferrieres, J.; Figueiró, T.H.; Fink, G.; Fischer, K.; Foo, L.H.; Forsner, M.; Fouad, H.M.; Francis, D.K.; Franco, M.C.; Frikke-Schmidt, R.; Frontera, G.; Fuchs, F.D.; Fuchs, S.C.; Fujita, Y.; Fumihiko, M.; Furdela, V.; Furer, A.; Furusawa, T.; Gaciong, Z.; Galbarczyk, A.; Galenkamp, H.; Galvano, F.; Gao, J.; Gao, P.; Garcia-de-la-Hera, M.; Garcia, P.; Gareta, D.; Garnett, S.P.; Gaspoz, J-M.; Gasull, M.; Gazzinelli, A.; Gehring, U.; Geleijnse, J.M.; George, R.; Ghanbari, A.; Ghasemi, E.; Gheorghe-Fronea, O-F.; Ghimire, A.; Gialluisi, A.; Giampaoli, S.; Gieger, C.; Gill, T.K.; Giovannelli, J.; Gironella, G.; Giwercman, A.; Gkiouras, K.; Goldberg, M.; Goldsmith, R.A.; Gomez, L.F.; Gomula, A.; Gonçalves, H.; Gonçalves, M.; Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, B.; Gonzalez-Chica, D.A.; Gonzalez-Gross, M.; González-Rivas, J.P.; González-Villalpando, C.; González-Villalpando, M-E.; Gonzalez, A.R.; Gorbea, M.B.; Gottrand, F.; Graff-Iversen, S.; Grafnetter, D.; Grajda, A.; Grammatikopoulou, M.G.; Gregor, R.D.; Grodzicki, T.; Grosso, G.; Gruden, G.; Gu, D.; Guan, O.P.; Gudmundsson, E.F.; Gudnason, V.; Guerrero, R.; Guessous, I.; Guimaraes, A.L.; Gulliford, M.C.; Gunnlaugsdottir, J.; Gunter, M.J.; Gupta, P.C.; Gupta, R.; Gureje, O.; Gurzkowska, B.; Gutierrez, L.; Gutzwiller, F.; Ha, S.; Hadaegh, F.; Haghshenas, R.; Hakimi, H.; Halkjær, J.; Hambleton, I.R.; Hamzeh, B.; Hange, D.; Hanif, A.A.M.; Hantunen, S.; Hao, J.; Hardman, C.M.; Hari Kumar, R.; Hashemi-Shahri, S.M.; Hata, J.; Haugsgjerd, T.; Hayes, A.J.; He, Y.; Heier, M.; Hendriks, M.E.; Henrique, R.S.; Henriques, A.; Hernandez Cadena, L.; Herqutanto,; Herrala, S.; Heshmat, R.; Hill, A.G.; Ho, S.Y.; Ho, S.C.; Hobbs, M.; Holdsworth, M.; Homayounfar, R.; Horasan Dinc, G.; Horimoto, A.R.V.R.; Hormiga, C.M.; Horta, B.L.; Houti, L.; Howitt, C.; Htay, T.T.; Htet, A.S.; Htike, M.M.T.; Hu, Y.; Huerta, J.M.; Huhtaniemi, I.T.; Huiart, L.; Huisman, M.; Husseini, A.S.; Huybrechts, I.; Hwalla, N.; Iacoviello, L.; Iannone, A.G.; Ibrahim, M.M.; Ibrahim Wong, N.; Ikram, M.A.; Iotova, V.; Irazola, V.E.; Ishida, T.; Isiguzo, G.C.; Islam, M.; Islam, S.M.S.; Iwasaki, M.; Jackson, R.T.; Jacobs, J.M.; Jaddou, H.Y.; Jafar, T.; James, K.; Jamrozik, K.; Janszky, I.; Janus, E.; Jarvelin, M-R.; Jasienska, G.; Jelaković, A.; Jelaković, B.; Jennings, G.; Jha, A.K.; Jiang, C.Q.; Jimenez, R.O.; Jöckel, K-H.; Joffres, M.; Johansson, M.; Jokelainen, J.J.; Jonas, J.B.; Jørgensen, T.; Joshi, P.; Joukar, F.; Jóżwiak, J.; Juolevi, A.; Jurak, G.; Jureša, V.; Kaaks, R.; Kafatos, A.; Kajantie, E.O.; Kalmatayeva, Z.; Kalpourtzi, N.; Kalter-Leibovici, O.; Kampmann, F.B.; Kannan, S.; Karaglani, E.; Kårhus, L.L.; Karki, K.B.; Katibeh, M.; Katz, J.; Kauhanen, J.; Kaur, P.; Kavousi, M.; Kazakbaeva, G.M.; Keil, U.; Keinan Boker, L.; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S.; Kelishadi, R.; Kemper, H.C.G.; Keramati, M.; Kerimkulova, A.; Kersting, M.; Key, T.; Khader, Y.S.; Khalili, D.; Khaw, K-T.; Kheiri, B.; Kheradmand, M.; Khosravi, A.; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U.; Kiechl, S.; Killewo, J.; Kim, D.W.; Kim, J.; Klakk, H.; Klimek, M.; Klumbiene, J.; Knoflach, M.; Kolle, E.; Kolsteren, P.; Kontto, J.P.; Korpelainen, R.; Korrovits, P.; Kos, J.; Koskinen, S.; Kouda, K.; Kowlessur, S.; Koziel, S.; Kratenova, J.; Kriaucioniene, V.; Kristensen, P.L.; Krokstad, S.; Kromhout, D.; Kruger, H.S.; Kubinova, R.; Kuciene, R.; Kujala, U.M.; Kulaga, Z.; Kumar, R.K.; Kurjata, P.; Kusuma, Y.S.; Kutsenko, V.; Kuulasmaa, K.; Kyobutungi, C.; Laatikainen, T.; Lachat, C.; Laid, Y.; Lam, T.H.; Landrove, O.; Lanska, V.; Lappas, G.; Larijani, B.; Latt, T.S.; Le Coroller, G.; Le Nguyen Bao, K.; Le, T.D.; Lee, J.; Lee, J.; Lehmann, N.; Lehtimäki, T.; Lemogoum, D.; Levitt, N.S.; Li, Y.; Lilly, C.L.; Lim, W-Y.; Lima-Costa, M.F.; Lin, X.; Lin, Y-T.; Lind, L.; Lingam, V.; Linneberg, A.; Lissner, L.; Litwin, M.; Lo, W-C.; Loit, H-M.; Lopez-Garcia, E.; Lopez, T.; Lotufo, P.A.; Lozano, J.E.; Lukačević Lovrenčić, I.; Lukrafka, J.L.; Luksiene, D.; Lundqvist, A.; Lundqvist, R.; Lunet, N.; Lustigová, M.; Luszczki, E.; Ma, G.; Ma, J.; Machado-Coelho, G.L.L.; Machado-Rodrigues, A.M.; Macia, E.; Macieira, L.M.; Madar, A.A.; Maggi, S.; Magliano, D.J.; Magriplis, E.; Mahasampath, G.; Maire, B.; Majer, M.; Makdisse, M.; Malekzadeh, F.; Malekzadeh, R.; Malhotra, R.; Mallikharjuna Rao, K.; Malyutina, S.K.; Maniego, L.V.; Manios, Y.; Mann, J.I.; Mansour-Ghanaei, F.; Manzato, E.; Marcil, A.; Mårild, S.B.; Marinović Glavić, M.; Marques-Vidal, P.; Marques, L.P.; Marrugat, J.; Martorell, R.; Mascarenhas, L.P.; Matasin, M.; Mathiesen, E.B.; Mathur, P.; Matijasevich, A.; Matlosz, P.; Matsha, T.E.; Mavrogianni, C.; Mbanya, J.C.N.; Mc Donald Posso, A.J.; McFarlane, S.R.; McGarvey, S.T.; McLachlan, S.; McLean, R.M.; McLean, S.B.; McNulty, B.A.; Mediene Benchekor, S.; Medzioniene, J.; Mehdipour, P.; Mehlig, K.; Mehrparvar, A.H.; Meirhaeghe, A.; Meisinger, C.; Mendoza Montano, C.; Menezes, A.M.B.; Menon, G.R.; Mereke, A.; Meshram, I.I.; Metspalu, A.; Meyer, H.E.; Mi, J.; Michels, N.; Mikkel, K.; Milkowska, K.; Miller, J.C.; Minderico, C.S.; Mini, G.K.; Mirjalili, M.R.; Mirrakhimov, E.; Mišigoj-Duraković, M.; Modesti, P.A.; Moghaddam, S.S.; Mohajer, B.; Mohamed, M.K.; Mohamed, S.F.; Mohammad, K.; Mohammadi, M.R.; Mohammadi, Z.; Mohammadifard, N.; Mohammadpourhodki, R.; Mohan, V.; Mohanna, S.; Mohd Yusoff, M.F.; Mohebbi, I.; Mohebi, F.; Moitry, M.; Møllehave, L.T.; Molnár, D.; Momenan, A.; Mondo, C.K.; Monterrubio-Flores, E.; Monyeki, K.D.K.; Moon, J.S.; Moosazadeh, M.; Moreira, L.B.; Morejon, A.; Moreno, L.A.; Morgan, K.; Moschonis, G.; Mossakowska, M.; Mostafa, A.; Mostafavi, S-A.; Mota, J.; Motlagh, M.E.; Motta, J.; Moura-dos-Santos, M.A.; Mridha, M.K.; Msyamboza, K.P.; Mu, T.T.; Muhihi, A.J.; Muiesan, M.L.; Müller-Nurasyid, M.; Murphy, N.; Mursu, J.; Musa, K.I.; Musić Milanović, S.; Musil, V.; Mustafa, N.; Nabipour, I.; Naderimagham, S.; Nagel, G.; Naidu, B.M.; Najafi, F.; Nakamura, H.; Námešná, J.; Nang, E.E.K.; Nangia, V.B.; Narake, S.; Ndiaye, N.C.; Neal, W.A.; Nejatizadeh, A.; Nenko, I.; Neovius, M.; Nguyen, C.T.; Nguyen, N.D.; Nguyen, Q.V.; Nguyen, Q.N.; Nieto-Martínez, R.E.; Niiranen, T.J.; Nikitin, Y.P.; Ninomiya, T.; Nishtar, S.; Njelekela, M.A.; Noale, M.; Noboa, O.A.; Noorbala, A.A.; Norat, T.; Nordendahl, M.; Nordestgaard, B.G.; Noto, D.; Nowak-Szczepanska, N.; Nsour, M.A.; Nunes, B.; O’Neill, T.W.; O’Reilly, D.; Ochimana, C.; Oda, E.; Odili, A.N.; Oh, K.; Ohara, K.; Ohtsuka, R.; Olié, V.; Olinto, M.T.A.; Oliveira, I.O.; Omar, M.A.; Onat, A.; Ong, S.K.; Ono, L.M.; Ordunez, P.; Ornelas, R.; Ortiz, P.J.; Osmond, C.; Ostojic, S.M.; Ostovar, A.; Otero, J.A.; Overvad, K.; Owusu-Dabo, E.; Paccaud, F.M.; Padez, C.; Pahomova, E.; Paiva, K.M.; Pająk, A.; Palli, D.; Palmieri, L.; Pan, W-H.; Panda-Jonas, S.; Panza, F.; Paoli, M.; Papandreou, D.; Park, S-W.; Park, S.; Parnell, W.R.; Parsaeian, M.; Pasquet, P.; Patel, N.D.; Pavlyshyn, H.; Pećin, I.; Pednekar, M.S.; Pedro, J.M.; Peer, N.; Peixoto, S.V.; Peltonen, M.; Pereira, A.C.; Peres, K.G.D.A.; Peres, M.A.; Peters, A.; Petkeviciene, J.; Peykari, N.; Pham, S.T.; Pichardo, R.N.; Pigeot, I.; Pikhart, H.; Pilav, A.; Pilotto, L.; Pitakaka, F.; Piwonska, A.; Pizarro, A.; Plans-Rubió, P.; Polašek, O.; Porta, M.; Poudyal, A.; Pourfarzi, F.; Pourshams, A.; Poustchi, H.; Pradeepa, R.; Price, A.J.; Price, J.F.; Providencia, R.; Puhakka, S.E.; Puiu, M.; Punab, M.; Qasrawi, R.F.; Qorbani, M.; Queiroz, D.; Quoc Bao, T.; Radić, I.; Radisauskas, R.; Rahimikazerooni, S.; Rahman, M.; Raitakari, O.; Raj, M.; Rakhimova, E.M.; Ramachandra Rao, S.; Ramachandran, A.; Ramos, E.; Rampal, L.; Rampal, S.; Rangel Reina, D.A.; Rarra, V.; Rech, C.R.; Redon, J.; Reganit, P.F.M.; Regecová, V.; Revilla, L.; Rezaianzadeh, A.; Ribeiro, R.; Riboli, E.; Richter, A.; Rigo, F.; Rinke de Wit, T.F.; Ritti-Dias, R.M.; Robitaille, C.; Rodríguez-Artalejo, F.; Rodriguez-Perez, M.C.; Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A.; Roggenbuck, U.; Rojas-Martinez, R.; Romaguera, D.; Romeo, E.L.; Rosengren, A.; Roy, J.G.R.; Rubinstein, A.; Ruidavets, J-B.; Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S.; Ruiz-Castell, M.; Rusakova, I.A.; Russo, P.; Rutkowski, M.; Sabanayagam, C.; Sabbaghi, H.; Sachdev, H.S.; Sadjadi, A.; Safarpour, A.R.; Safi, S.; Safiri, S.; Saidi, O.; Sakarya, S.; Saki, N.; Salanave, B.; Salazar Martinez, E.; Salmerón, D.; Salomaa, V.; Salonen, J.T.; Salvetti, M.; Sánchez-Abanto, J.; Sans, S.; Santos, D.A.; Santos, I.S.; Santos, L.C.; Santos, M.P.; Santos, R.; Saramies, J.L.; Sardinha, L.B.; Sarganas, G.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Sathish, T.; Saum, K-U.; Savva, S.; Sawada, N.; Sbaraini, M.; Scazufca, M.; Schaan, B.D.; Schargrodsky, H.; Schipf, S.; Schmidt, C.O.; Schnohr, P.; Schöttker, B.; Schramm, S.; Schultsz, C.; Schutte, A.E.; Sebert, S.; Sein, A.A.; Sen, A.; Senbanjo, I.O.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Servais, J.; Shalnova, S.A.; Shamah-Levy, T.; Shamshirgaran, M.; Shanthirani, C.S.; Sharafkhah, M.; Sharma, S.K.; Shaw, J.E.; Shayanrad, A.; Shayesteh, A.A.; Shi, Z.; Shibuya, K.; Shimizu-Furusawa, H.; Shin, D.W.; Shirani, M.; Shiri, R.; Shrestha, N.; Si-Ramlee, K.; Siani, A.; Siantar, R.; Sibai, A.M.; Silva, C.R.M.; Silva, D.A.S.; Simon, M.; Simons, J.; Simons, L.A.; Sjöström, M.; Slowikowska-Hilczer, J.; Slusarczyk, P.; Smeeth, L.; So, H-K.; Soares, F.C.; Sobngwi, E.; Söderberg, S.; Soemantri, A.; Sofat, R.; Solfrizzi, V.; Somi, M.H.; Sonestedt, E.; Song, Y.; Sørensen, T.I.A.; Sørgjerd, E.P.; Sorić, M.; Sossa Jérome, C.; Soumaré, A.; Sparboe-Nilsen, B.; Sparrenberger, K.; Staessen, J.A.; Starc, G.; Stavreski, B.; Steene-Johannessen, J.; Stehle, P.; Stein, A.D.; Stergiou, G.S.; Stessman, J.; Stieber, J.; Stöckl, D.; Stocks, T.; Stokwiszewski, J.; Stronks, K.; Strufaldi, M.W.; Suka, M.; Sun, C-A.; Sung, Y-T.; Suriyawongpaisal, P.; Sy, R.G.; Syddall, H.E.; Sylva, R.C.; Szklo, M.; Tai, E.S.; Tammesoo, M-L.; Tamosiunas, A.; Tan, E.J.; Tang, X.; Tanser, F.; Tao, Y.; Tarawneh, M.R.; Tarqui-Mamani, C.B.; Taylor, A.; Taylor, J.; Tebar, W.R.; Tell, G.S.; Tello, T.; Tham, Y.C.; Thankappan, K.R.; Theobald, H.; Theodoridis, X.; Thijs, L.; Thinggaard, M.; Thomas, N.; Thorand, B.; Thuesen, B.H.; Timmermans, E.J.; Tjandrarini, D.H.; Tjonneland, A.; Toft, U.; Tolonen, H.K.; Tolstrup, J.S.; Topbas, M.; Topór-Madry, R.; Tormo, M.J.; Tornaritis, M.J.; Torrent, M.; Torres-Collado, L.; Touloumi, G.; Traissac, P.; Triantafyllou, A.; Trichopoulos, D.; Trichopoulou, A.; Trinh, O.T.H.; Trivedi, A.; Tshepo, L.; Tsugane, S.; Tuliakova, A.M.; Tulloch-Reid, M.K.; Tullu, F.; Tuomainen, T-P.; Tuomilehto, J.; Turley, M.L.; Twig, G.; Tynelius, P.; Tzourio, C.; Ueda, P.; Ugel, E.; Ulmer, H.; Uusitalo, H.M.T.; Valdivia, G.; Valvi, D.; van Dam, R.M.; van den Born, B-J.; Van der Heyden, J.; van der Schouw, Y.T.; Van Herck, K.; Van Minh, H.; Van Schoor, N.M.; van Valkengoed, I.G.M.; van Zutphen, E.M.; Vanderschueren, D.; Vanuzzo, D.; Varbo, A.; Vasan, S.K.; Vega, T.; Veidebaum, T.; Velasquez-Melendez, G.; Veronesi, G.; Verschuren, W.M.M.; Verstraeten, R.; Victora, C.G.; Viet, L.; Villalpando, S.; Vineis, P.; Vioque, J.; Virtanen, J.K.; Visvikis-Siest, S.; Viswanathan, B.; Vlasoff, T.; Vollenweider, P.; Voutilainen, A.; Wade, A.N.; Walton, J.; Wambiya, E.O.A.; Wan Bebakar, W.M.; Wan Mohamud, W.N.; Wanderley Júnior, R.S.; Wang, M-D.; Wang, N.; Wang, Q.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.X.; Wang, Y-W.; Wannamethee, S.G.; Wareham, N.; Wei, W.; Weres, A.; Werner, B.; Whincup, P.H.; Widhalm, K.; Wiecek, A.; Wilks, R.J.; Willeit, J.; Willeit, P.; Williams, E.A.; Wilsgaard, T.; Wojtyniak, B.; Wong-McClure, R.A.; Wong, A.; Wong, T.Y.; Woo, J.; Wu, F.C.; Wu, S.; Wyszynska, J.; Xu, H.; Xu, L.; Yaacob, N.A.; Yan, W.; Yang, L.; Yang, X.; Yang, Y.; Yasuharu, T.; Ye, X.; Yiallouros, P.K.; Yoosefi, M.; Yoshihara, A.; You, S-L.; Younger-Coleman, N.O.; Yusoff, A.F.; Zainuddin, A.A.; Zakavi, S.R.; Zamani, F.; Zambon, S.; Zampelas, A.; Zapata, M.E.; Zaw, K.K.; Zejglicova, K.; Zeljkovic Vrkic, T.; Zeng, Y.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Z-Y.; Zhao, D.; Zhao, M-H.; Zhen, S.; Zheng, Y.; Zholdin, B.; Zhu, D.; Zins, M.; Zitt, E.; Zocalo, Y.; Zoghlami, N.; Zuñiga Cisneros, J.; Ezzati, M. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.Lancet20213981030495798010.1016/S0140‑6736(21)01330‑1 34450083
    [Google Scholar]
  2. OlsenM.H. AngellS.Y. AsmaS. BoutouyrieP. BurgerD. ChirinosJ.A. DamascenoA. DellesC. Gimenez-RoqueploA.P. HeringD. López-JaramilloP. MartinezF. PerkovicV. RietzschelE.R. SchillaciG. SchutteA.E. ScuteriA. SharmanJ.E. WachtellK. WangJ.G. A call to action and a lifecourse strategy to address the global burden of raised blood pressure on current and future generations: the Lancet Commission on hypertension.Lancet2016388100602665271210.1016/S0140‑6736(16)31134‑5 27671667
    [Google Scholar]
  3. ZhouB. PerelP. MensahG.A. EzzatiM. Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension.Nat. Rev. Cardiol.2021181178580210.1038/s41569‑021‑00559‑8 34050340
    [Google Scholar]
  4. GuwatuddeD. MutungiG. WesongaR. KajjuraR. KasuleH. MuwongeJ. SsenonoV. BahendekaS.K. The epidemiology of hypertension in uganda: findings from the national non-communicable diseases risk factor survey.PLoS One2015109e013899110.1371/journal.pone.0138991 26406462
    [Google Scholar]
  5. CatterallW.A. Voltage-gated calcium channels.Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol.201138a003947a00394710.1101/cshperspect.a003947 21746798
    [Google Scholar]
  6. TriggleD. The physiological and pharmacological significance of cardiovascular T-type, voltage-gated calcium channels.Am. J. Hypertens.199811480S87S10.1016/S0895‑7061(98)00004‑1 9607371
    [Google Scholar]
  7. DolphinA.C. Voltage-gated calcium channels and their auxiliary subunits: physiology and pathophysiology and pharmacology.J. Physiol.2016594195369539010.1113/JP272262 27273705
    [Google Scholar]
  8. LipscombeD. HeltonT.D. XuW. L-type calcium channels: the low down.J. Neurophysiol.20049252633264110.1152/jn.00486.2004 15486420
    [Google Scholar]
  9. CatterallW.A. Perez-ReyesE. SnutchT.P. StriessnigJ. International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels.Pharmacol. Rev.200557441142510.1124/pr.57.4.5 16382099
    [Google Scholar]
  10. HofmannF. FlockerziV. KahlS. WegenerJ.W. L-type CaV1.2 calcium channels: from in vitro findings to in vivo function.Physiol. Rev.201494130332610.1152/physrev.00016.2013 24382889
    [Google Scholar]
  11. SingerD. BielM. LotanI. FlockerziV. HofmannF. DascalN. The roles of the subunits in the function of the calcium channel.Science199125350271553155710.1126/science.1716787 1716787
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Cserne SzappanosH. ViolaH. HoolL.C. L-type calcium channel: Clarifying the “oxygen sensing hypothesis”.Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.201786323610.1016/j.biocel.2017.03.010 28323207
    [Google Scholar]
  13. HuZ. LiangM. SoongT. Alternative splicing of L-type CaV1.2 calcium channels: Implications in cardiovascular diseases.Genes (Basel)201781234410.3390/genes8120344 29186814
    [Google Scholar]
  14. LocatelliA. CosconatiS. MicucciM. LeoniA. MarinelliL. BediniA. IoanP. SpampinatoS.M. NovellinoE. ChiariniA. BudriesiR. Ligand based approach to L-type calcium channel by imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-1,4-dihydropyridines: from heart activity to brain affinity.J. Med. Chem.201356103866387710.1021/jm301839q 23586669
    [Google Scholar]
  15. WaszkielewiczA.M. GuniaA. SzkaradekN. SłoczyńskaK. KrupińskaS. MaronaH. Ion channels as drug targets in central nervous system disorders.Curr. Med. Chem.201320101241128510.2174/0929867311320100005 23409712
    [Google Scholar]
  16. BruhovaI. ZhorovB.S. A homology model of the pore domain of a voltage-gated calcium channel is consistent with available SCAM data.J. Gen. Physiol.2010135326127410.1085/jgp.200910288 20176854
    [Google Scholar]
  17. GodfraindT. Discovery and development of calcium channel blockers.Front. Pharmacol.2017828628610.3389/fphar.2017.00286 28611661
    [Google Scholar]
  18. FaresH. DiNicolantonioJ.J. O’KeefeJ.H. LavieC.J. Amlodipine in hypertension: a first-line agent with efficacy for improving blood pressure and patient outcomes.Open Heart201632e00047310.1136/openhrt‑2016‑000473 27752334
    [Google Scholar]
  19. PontremoliR. LeonciniG. ParodiA. Use of nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension.Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther.200531435010.1586/14779072.3.1.43 15723574
    [Google Scholar]
  20. WangA.L. IadecolaC. WangG. New generations of dihydropyridines for treatment of hypertension.J. Geriatr. Cardiol.20171416772 28270844
    [Google Scholar]
  21. SahibaN. SethiyaA. SoniJ. AgarwalS. Acridine‐1,8‐diones: Synthesis and Biological Applications.ChemistrySelect2021692210225110.1002/slct.202004536
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Gözde GündüzM. Evrim DoğanA. ŞimşekR. ErolK. ŞafakC. Substituted 9-aryl-1,8-acridinedione derivatives and their effects on potassium channels.Med. Chem. Res.200918431732510.1007/s00044‑008‑9129‑9
    [Google Scholar]
  23. BatoolM. AhmadB. ChoiS. A structure-based drug discovery paradigm.Int. J. Mol. Sci.20192011278310.3390/ijms20112783 31174387
    [Google Scholar]
  24. PinziL. RastelliG. Molecular docking: Shifting paradigms in drug discovery.Int. J. Mol. Sci.20192018433110.3390/ijms20184331 31487867
    [Google Scholar]
  25. MengX.Y. ZhangH.X. MezeiM. CuiM. Molecular docking: a powerful approach for structure-based drug discovery.Curr. Computeraided Drug Des.20117214615710.2174/157340911795677602 21534921
    [Google Scholar]
  26. BernsteinF.C. KoetzleT.F. WilliamsG.J.B. MeyerE.F.Jr BriceM.D. RodgersJ.R. KennardO. ShimanouchiT. TasumiM. The Protein Data Bank. A computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures.Eur. J. Biochem.197780231932410.1111/j.1432‑1033.1977.tb11885.x 923582
    [Google Scholar]
  27. AltschulS.F. GishW. MillerW. MyersE.W. LipmanD.J. Basic local alignment search tool.J. Mol. Biol.1990215340341010.1016/S0022‑2836(05)80360‑2 2231712
    [Google Scholar]
  28. WebbB. SaliA. Comparative protein structure modeling using MODELLER.Curr. Protoc. Bioinform2014475.6.15.6.37
    [Google Scholar]
  29. LaskowskiR.A. MacArthurM.W. MossD.S. ThorntonJ.M. PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures.J. Appl. Cryst.199326228329110.1107/S0021889892009944
    [Google Scholar]
  30. RamachandranG.N. RamakrishnanC. SasisekharanV. Stereochemistry of polypeptide chain configurations.J. Mol. Biol.196371959910.1016/S0022‑2836(63)80023‑6 13990617
    [Google Scholar]
  31. AshokkumarP. RamakrishnanV.T. RamamurthyP. Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) based Zn2+ fluorescent probe: transformation of turn-on sensors into ratiometric ones with dual emission in acetonitrile.J. Phys. Chem. A201111550142921429910.1021/jp209061f 22066705
    [Google Scholar]
  32. TrottO. OlsonA.J. AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading.J. Comput. Chem.2010312455461 19499576
    [Google Scholar]
  33. JamrozM. KolinskiA. KmiecikS. CABS-flex: server for fast simulation of protein structure fluctuations.Nucleic Acids Res.201341W1W427W43110.1093/nar/gkt332 23658222
    [Google Scholar]
  34. ChoudhuryP. GhoshP. BasuB. Amine-functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets (AFGONs): an efficient bifunctional catalyst for selective formation of 1, 4-dihydropyridines, acridinediones and polyhydroquinolines.Mol. Divers.20202428329410.1007/s11030‑019‑09949‑0
    [Google Scholar]
  35. NagyÁ. Density functional. Theory and application to atoms and molecules.Phys. Rep.1998298117910.1016/S0370‑1573(97)00083‑5
    [Google Scholar]
  36. FrischM.J. TrucksG.W. SchlegelH.B. ScuseriaG.E. RobbM.A. CheesemanJ. ScalmaniR.G. BaroneV. MennucciB. PeterssonG.A. NakatsujiH. CaricatoM. LiX. HratchianH.P. IzmaylovA.F. BloinoJ. ZhengG. SonnenbergJ.L. HadaM. EharaM. ToyotaK. FukudaR. Hasegawa. J.; Ishida, M.; Nakajima, T.; Honda, Y.; Kitao, O.; Nakai, H.; Vreven, T.; Montgomery, J. A.; Jr, Peralta, J. E.; Ogliaro, F.; Bearpark, M.; Heyd, J. J.; Brothers, E.; Kudin, K. N.; Staroverov, V. N.; Kobayashi, R.; Normand, J.; Raghavachari, K.; Rendell, A.; Burant, J. C.; Iyengar, S. S.; Tomasi, J.; Cossi, M.; Rega, N.; Millam, J. M.; Klene, M.; Knox, J. E.; Cross, J. B.; Bakken, V.; Adamo, C.; Jaramillo, J.; Gomperts, R.; Stratmann, R. E.; Yazyev, O.; Austin, A. J.; Cammi, R.; Pomelli, C.; Ochterski, J. W.; Martin, R. L.; Morokuma, K.; Zakrzewski, V. G.; Voth, G. A.; Salvador, P.; Dannenberg, J.; Dapprich, S.; Daniels, A. D.; Farkas, Ö.; Foresman, J. B.; Ortiz, J. V.; Cioslowski, J.; Fox, D. J. Gaussian 09.Wallingford, CT, USAGaussian, Inc2009
    [Google Scholar]
  37. BasakH.K. PaswanU. GhoshJ. SahaS. ChatterjeeA. In silicoevaluation of savirin derivatives as inhibitors of the agr quorum sensing system of Staphylococcus aureus.Anal. Chem. Lett.202111566168310.1080/22297928.2021.1937314
    [Google Scholar]
  38. ChatterjeeA. BasakH.K. SahaS. GhoshJ. PaswanU. KarmakarS. PalA. Sequence analysis, structure prediction of receptor proteins and in silico study of potential inhibitors for management of life threatening COVID-19.Lett. Drug Des. Discov.202219210812210.2174/1570180818666210804141613
    [Google Scholar]
  39. RoyR.K. SahaS. Studies of regioselectivity of large molecular systems using DFT based reactivity descriptors. Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem.Sect. C: Phys. Chem2010106118162
    [Google Scholar]
  40. WangB. RongC. ChattarajP.K. LiuS. A comparative study to predict regioselectivity, electrophilicity and nucleophilicity with Fukui function and Hirshfeld charge.Theor. Chem. Acc.20191381212410.1007/s00214‑019‑2515‑1
    [Google Scholar]
  41. SahaS. DinadayalaneT.C. MurrayJ.S. LeszczynskaD. LeszczynskiJ. Surface reactivity for chlorination on chlorinated (5,5) Armchair SWCNT: A computational approach.J. Phys. Chem. C201211642223992241010.1021/jp307090t
    [Google Scholar]
  42. FrauJ. Glossman-MitnikD. Conceptual DFT study of the local chemical reactivity of the colored BISARG melanoidin and its protonated derivative.Front Chem.2018613610.3389/fchem.2018.00136 29765937
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Flores-HolguínN. FrauJ. Glossman-MitnikD. Conceptual DFT-based computational peptidology of marine natural compounds: Discodermins A–H.Molecules20202518415810.3390/molecules25184158 32932850
    [Google Scholar]
  44. YeQ. ZhangZ. ZhangW. DingY. ZhaoF. ZhangJ. SongY. Investigation of the selectivity of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels 1.3 for pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones derivatives based on molecular dynamics simulation.Molecules20202522544010.3390/molecules25225440 33233858
    [Google Scholar]
  45. StojanovićS. ZlatovićM. π-π interactions in structural stability: Role in superoxide dismutases.J. Serb. Chem. Soc.202388322323510.2298/JSC220404052S
    [Google Scholar]
  46. DainaA. MichielinO. ZoeteV. SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules.Sci. Rep.2017714271710.1038/srep42717 28256516
    [Google Scholar]
  47. OdiR. BibiD. WagerT. BialerM. A perspective on the physicochemical and biopharmaceutic properties of marketed antiseizure drugs—From phenobarbital to cenobamate and beyond.Epilepsia20206181543155210.1111/epi.16597 32614073
    [Google Scholar]
  48. AbdelliI. HassaniF. Bekkel BrikciS. GhalemS. In silicostudy the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor of COVID-19 by Ammoides verticillata components harvested from Western Algeria.J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn.202139932633276 32362217
    [Google Scholar]
  49. SalmaA. SherbeniE. TarekF. MoselhyE. Computational evaluation of the druggability and biological activity of Iodo-1,4- dihydropyridine derivatives.Chem. Res. J.201725131141
    [Google Scholar]
  50. HusainA. AhmadA. KhanS.A. AsifM. BhutaniR. Al-AbbasiF.A. Synthesis, molecular properties, toxicity and biological evaluation of some new substituted imidazolidine derivatives in search of potent anti-inflammatory agents.Saudi Pharm. J.201624110411410.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.008 26903774
    [Google Scholar]
  51. ZhaoY.H. AbrahamM.H. LeJ. HerseyA. LuscombeC.N. BeckG. SherborneB. CooperI. Rate-limited steps of human oral absorption and QSAR studies.Pharm. Res.200219101446145710.1023/A:1020444330011 12425461
    [Google Scholar]
  52. VrettosE.I. SayyadN. MavrogiannakiE.M. StylosE. KostagianniA.D. PapasS. MavromoustakosT. TheodorouV. TzakosA.G. Unveiling and tackling guanidinium peptide coupling reagent side reactions towards the development of peptide-drug conjugates.RSC Advances2017780505195052610.1039/C7RA06655D
    [Google Scholar]
  53. ÇapanI. ServiS. YıldırımI. SertY. Synthesis, DFT study, molecular docking and drug-likeness analysis of the new hydrazine-1-carbothioamide, triazole and thiadiazole derivatives: potential inhibitors of HSP90.ChemistrySelect2021658385846
    [Google Scholar]
  54. KosarB. AlbayrakC. Spectroscopic investigations and quantum chemical computational study of (E)-4-methoxy-2-[(p-tolylimino)methyl]phenol.Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.201178116016710.1016/j.saa.2010.09.016 20940104
    [Google Scholar]
  55. PowellB.J. BaruahT. BernsteinN. BrakeK. McKenzieR.H. MeredithP. PedersonM.R. A first-principles density-functional calculation of the electronic and vibrational structure of the key melanin monomers.J. Chem. Phys.2004120188608861510.1063/1.1690758 15267788
    [Google Scholar]
  56. KayaS. KayaC. A new method for calculation of molecular hardness: A theoretical study.Comput. Theor. Chem.20151060667010.1016/j.comptc.2015.03.004
    [Google Scholar]
  57. CramerC.J. BickelhauptF. Essentials of computational chemistry.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.200342381381
    [Google Scholar]
  58. RahmaniR. BoukabchaN. ChouaihA. HamzaouiF. Goumri-SaidS. On the molecular structure, vibrational spectra, HOMO-LUMO, molecular electrostatic potential, UV–Vis, first order hyperpolarizability, and thermodynamic investigations of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1yridine-3-yl) prop-2-en-1-one by quantum chemistry calculations.J. Mol. Struct.2018115548449510.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.033
    [Google Scholar]
  59. DjafriA. PerveenF. BenhalimaN. KhelloulN. RahmaniR. DjafriA. ChouaihA. KanounM.B. Goumri-SaidS. Experimental spectral characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT/TD-DFT calculations and docking studies of (2Z,5Z)-5-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-3-N(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-N′(2-methoxyphenylimino) thiazolidin-4-one.Heliyon2020612e0575410.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05754 33385082
    [Google Scholar]
  60. PophristicV. GoodmanL. GuchhaitN. Role of lone-pairs in internal rotation barriers.J. Phys. Chem. A1997101234290429710.1021/jp971020z
    [Google Scholar]
  61. GuoD. GoodmanL. Nature of barrier forces in acetaldehyde.J. Phys. Chem.199610030125401254510.1021/jp960182c
    [Google Scholar]
  62. WeinholdF. A new twist on molecular shape.Nature2001411683753954110.1038/35079225 11385553
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cad/10.2174/0115734099273719231005062524
Loading
/content/journals/cad/10.2174/0115734099273719231005062524
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test