Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Anti-Infective Agents
  4. Fast Track Articles
  5. Fast Track Article
image of An Overview of Nipah Virus Infection

Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV), a bat-borne infection, was first identified in Malaysia 20 years ago and has since caused outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia. NiV leads to severe respiratory and neurological conditions, is often fatal, and is highly contagious, spreading through close contact with infected individuals or animals. The virus exhibits varied clinical and epidemiological traits, necessitating rapid infection control measures to prevent epidemics. Despite advances in molecular and serological diagnostic techniques, effective treatment and prevention interventions remain unavailable. The high fatality rate and potential for widespread transmission underscore the urgent need for effective therapies. The “One Health” approach is vital for preventing NiV infection, as bats are the primary transmission route to humans, though other intermediary hosts exist. Initially, NiV infections presented as fever and rapid brain function deterioration after contact with pigs. Recent outbreaks have shown pronounced respiratory symptoms and human-to-human transmission. The pandemic potential of NiV is significant due to the ubiquity of its reservoir host, increased deforestation, multiple transmission modes, high case fatality rate, and lack of effective treatments or vaccines. This review explores the microbiology, epidemiology, and current treatment and vaccination research for NiV.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/aia/10.2174/0122113525348679241201172623
2024-12-27
2025-07-05

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/aia/10.2174/0122113525348679241201172623
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Uwishema O. Wellington J. Berjaoui C. Muoka K.O. Onyeaka C.V.P. Onyeaka H. A short communication of Nipah virus outbreak in India: An urgent rising concern. Ann. Med. Surg. (Lond.) 2022 82 104599 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104599 36268453
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Luby S.P. The pandemic potential of Nipah virus. Antiviral Res. 2013 100 1 38 43 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.011 23911335
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Chatterjee P. Nipah virus outbreak in India. Lancet 2018 391 10136 2200 10.1016/S0140‑6736(18)31252‑2 31876482
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Chua K.B. Bellini W.J. Rota P.A. Harcourt B.H. Tamin A. Lam S.K. Ksiazek T.G. Rollin P.E. Zaki S.R. Shieh W.J. Goldsmith C.S. Gubler D.J. Roehrig J.T. Eaton B. Gould A.R. Olson J. Field H. Daniels P. Ling A.E. Peters C.J. Anderson L.J. Mahy B.W.J. Nipah virus: A recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus. Science 2000 288 5470 1432 1435 10.1126/science.288.5470.1432 10827955
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Enserink M. New virus fingered in Malaysian epidemic. Science 1999 284 5413 407 410 10.1126/science.284.5413.407 10232977
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Control C.f.D. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 1999 48 16 335 337 10366143
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Paton N.I. Leo Y.S. Zaki S.R. Auchus A.P. Lee K.E. Ling A.E. Chew S.K. Ang B. Rollin P.E. Umapathi T. Sng I. Lee C.C. Lim E. Ksiazek T.G. Outbreak of Nipah-virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore. Lancet 1999 354 9186 1253 1256 10.1016/S0140‑6736(99)04379‑2 10520634
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Nikolay B. Salje H. Hossain M.J. Khan A.K.M.D. Sazzad H.M.S. Rahman M. Daszak P. Ströher U. Pulliam J.R.C. Kilpatrick A.M. Nichol S.T. Klena J.D. Sultana S. Afroj S. Luby S.P. Cauchemez S. Gurley E.S. Transmission of Nipah virus - 14 years of investigations in Bangladesh. N. Engl. J. Med. 2019 380 19 1804 1814 10.1056/NEJMoa1805376 31067370
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Chadha M.S. Comer J.A. Lowe L. Rota P.A. Rollin P.E. Bellini W.J. Ksiazek T.G. Mishra A.C. Nipah virus-associated encephalitis outbreak, Siliguri, India. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2006 12 2 235 240 10.3201/eid1202.051247 16494748
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ching P.K.G. de los Reyes V.C. Sucaldito M.N. Tayag E. Columna-Vingno A.B. Malbas F.F. Bolo G.C. Sejvar J.J. Eagles D. Playford G. Dueger E. Kaku Y. Morikawa S. Kuroda M. Marsh G.A. McCullough S. Foxwell A.R. Outbreak of henipavirus infection, Philippines, 2014. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2015 21 2 328 331 10.3201/eid2102.141433 25626011
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gurley E.S. Montgomery J.M. Hossain M.J. Bell M. Azad A.K. Islam M.R. Molla M.A.R. Carroll D.S. Ksiazek T.G. Rota P.A. Lowe L. Comer J.A. Rollin P. Czub M. Grolla A. Feldmann H. Luby S.P. Woodward J.L. Breiman R.F. Person-to-person transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladeshi community. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2007 13 7 1031 1037 10.3201/eid1307.061128 18214175
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gurley E.S. Hegde S.T. Hossain K. Sazzad H.M.S. Hossain M.J. Rahman M. Sharker M.A.Y. Salje H. Islam M.S. Epstein J.H. Khan S.U. Kilpatrick A.M. Daszak P. Luby S.P. Convergence of humans, bats, trees, and culture in Nipah virus transmission, Bangladesh. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2017 23 9 1446 1453 10.3201/eid2309.161922 28820130
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hsu V.P. Hossain M.J. Parashar U.D. Ali M.M. Ksiazek T.G. Kuzmin I. Niezgoda M. Rupprecht C. Bresee J. Breiman R.F. Nipah virus encephalitis reemergence, Bangladesh. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004 10 12 2082 2087 10.3201/eid1012.040701 15663842
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Khan S.U. Gurley E.S. Hossain M.J. Nahar N. Sharker M.A.Y. Luby S.P. A randomized controlled trial of interventions to impede date palm sap contamination by bats to prevent nipah virus transmission in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2012 7 8 e42689 10.1371/journal.pone.0042689 22905160
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Luby S. Rahman M. Hossain M. Blum L. Husain M. Gurley E. Khan R. Ahmed B.N. Rahman S. Nahar N. Kenah E. Comer J. Ksiazek T. Foodborne transmission of Nipah virus, Bangladesh. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2006 12 12 1888 1894 10.3201/eid1212.060732 17326940
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Luby S.P. Hossain M.J. Gurley E.S. Ahmed B.N. Banu S. Khan S.U. Homaira N. Rota P.A. Rollin P.E. Comer J.A. Kenah E. Ksiazek T.G. Rahman M. Recurrent zoonotic transmission of Nipah virus into humans, Bangladesh, 2001-2007. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2009 15 8 1229 1235 10.3201/eid1508.081237 19751584
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Liew Y.J.M. Ibrahim P.A.S. Ong H.M. Chong C.N. Tan C.T. Schee J.P. Gómez Román R. Cherian N.G. Wong W.F. Chang L.Y. The immunobiology of Nipah virus. Microorganisms 2022 10 6 1162 10.3390/microorganisms10061162 35744680
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Wheelock A. Ives J. Vaccine confidence, public understanding and probity: Time for a shift in focus? J. Med. Ethics 2022 48 4 250 255 10.1136/medethics‑2020‑106805 33687913
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Rodrigue V. Gravagna K. Yao J. Nafade V. Basta N.E. Current progress towards prevention of Nipah and Hendra disease in humans: A scoping review of vaccine and monoclonal antibody candidates being evaluated in clinical trials. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2024 29 5 354 364 10.1111/tmi.13979 38415314
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Halabi S. Gostin L.O. Aneja K. Nardi F. Gottschalk K. Monahan J. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the partnerships of equitable vaccine access. J. Law Med. Ethics 2023 51 2 234 246 10.1017/jme.2023.85 37655558
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Harcourt B.H. Tamin A. Ksiazek T.G. Rollin P.E. Anderson L.J. Bellini W.J. Rota P.A. Molecular characterization of Nipah virus, a newly emergent paramyxovirus. Virology 2000 271 2 334 349 10.1006/viro.2000.0340 10860887
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Harcourt B.H. Lowe L. Tamin A. Liu X. Bankamp B. Bowden N. Rollin P.E. Comer J.A. Ksiazek T.G. Hossain M.J. Gurley E.S. Breiman R.F. Bellini W.J. Rota P.A. Genetic characterization of Nipah virus, Bangladesh, 2004. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2005 11 10 1594 1597 10.3201/eid1110.050513 16318702
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Chan Y.P. Chua K.B. Koh C.L. Lim M.E. Lam S.K. Complete nucleotide sequences of Nipah virus isolates from Malaysia. J. Gen. Virol. 2001 82 9 2151 2155 10.1099/0022‑1317‑82‑9‑2151 11514724
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Wang L.F. Harcourt B.H. Yu M. Tamin A. Rota P.A. Bellini W.J. Eaton B.T. Molecular biology of Hendra and Nipah viruses. Microbes Infect. 2001 3 4 279 287 10.1016/S1286‑4579(01)01381‑8 11334745
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Clayton B.A. Middleton D. Arkinstall R. Frazer L. Wang L.F. Marsh G.A. The nature of exposure drives transmission of Nipah viruses from Malaysia and Bangladesh in ferrets. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2016 10 6 e0004775 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004775 27341030
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Clayton B.A. Middleton D. Bergfeld J. Haining J. Arkinstall R. Wang L. Marsh G.A. Transmission routes for nipah virus from Malaysia and Bangladesh. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2012 18 12 1983 1993 10.3201/eid1812.120875 23171621
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mire C.E. Satterfield B.A. Geisbert J.B. Agans K.N. Borisevich V. Yan L. Chan Y.P. Cross R.W. Fenton K.A. Broder C.C. Geisbert T.W. Pathogenic differences between Nipah virus Bangladesh and Malaysia strains in primates: Implications for antibody therapy. Sci. Rep. 2016 6 1 30916 10.1038/srep30916 27484128
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Reynes J.M. Counor D. Ong S. Faure C. Seng V. Molia S. Walston J. Georges-Courbot M.C. Deubel V. Sarthou J.L. Nipah virus in Lyle’s flying foxes, Cambodia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2005 11 7 1042 1047 10.3201/eid1107.041350 16022778
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Simmons N. Order Chiroptera. Mammal species of the world: A taxonomic and geographic reference. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press Wilson D.E. Reeder D.M. 2005 312 529
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Williamson M.M. Hooper P.T. Selleck P.W. Gleeson L.J. Daniels P.W. Westbury H.A. Murray P.K. Transmission studies of Hendra virus (equine morbilli‐virus) in fruit bats, horses and cats. Aust. Vet. J. 1998 76 12 813 818 10.1111/j.1751‑0813.1998.tb12335.x 9972433
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Williamson M.M. Hooper P.T. Selleck P.W. Westbury H.A. Slocombe R.F. Experimental hendra virus infectionin pregnant guinea-pigs and fruit Bats (Pteropus poliocephalus). J. Comp. Pathol. 2000 122 2-3 201 207 10.1053/jcpa.1999.0364 10684689
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Yob J.M. Field H. Rashdi A.M. Morrissy C. van der Heide B. Rota P. bin Adzhar A. White J. Daniels P. Jamaluddin A. Ksiazek T. Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2001 7 3 439 441 10.3201/eid0703.017312 11384522
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Wacharapluesadee S. Lumlertdacha B. Boongird K. Wanghongsa S. Chanhome L. Rollin P. Stockton P. Rupprecht C.E. Ksiazek T.G. Hemachudha T. Bat Nipah virus, Thailand. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2005 11 12 1949 1951 10.3201/eid1112.050613 16485487
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Chua K.B. Lek Koh C. Hooi P.S. Wee K.F. Khong J.H. Chua B.H. Chan Y.P. Lim M.E. Lam S.K. Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian Island flying-foxes. Microbes Infect. 2002 4 2 145 151 10.1016/S1286‑4579(01)01522‑2 11880045
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Chua K.B. Goh K.J. Wong K.T. Kamarulzaman A. Tan P.S.K. Ksiazek T.G. Zaki S.R. Paul G. Lam S.K. Tan C.T. Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia. Lancet 1999 354 9186 1257 1259 10.1016/S0140‑6736(99)04299‑3 10520635
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Chua K.B. Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia. J. Clin. Virol. 2003 26 3 265 275 10.1016/S1386‑6532(02)00268‑8 12637075
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Lee J.H. Hammoud D.A. Cong Y. Huzella L.M. Castro M.A. Solomon J. Laux J. Lackemeyer M. Bohannon J.K. Rojas O. Byrum R. Adams R. Ragland D. St Claire M. Munster V. Holbrook M.R. The use of large-particle aerosol exposure to Nipah virus to mimic human neurological disease manifestations in the African Green monkey. J. Infect. Dis. 2020 221 Suppl. 4 S419 S430 10.1093/infdis/jiz502 31687756
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Kulkarni D.D. Tosh C. Venkatesh G. Senthil Kumar D. Nipah virus infection: Current scenario. Indian J. Virol. 2013 24 3 398 408 10.1007/s13337‑013‑0171‑y 24426305
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Outbreak of Hendra-like virus - Malaysia and Singapore, 1998-1999. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 1999 48 13 265 269 10227800
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Tan K-S. Tan C.T. Goh K.J. Epidemiological aspects of Nipah virus infection. Neurol. J. Southeast Asia 1999 4 1 77 81
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Looi L.M. Chua K.B. Lessons from the Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia. Malays. J. Pathol. 2007 29 2 63 67 19108397
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Lee K.E. Umapathi T. Tan C.B. Tjoei-Lian Tjia H. Chua T.S. Oh H.M.L. Fock K.M. Kurup A. Das A. Tan A.K.Y. Lee W.L. The neurological manifestations of Nipah virus encephalitis, a novel paramyxovirus. Ann. Neurol. 1999 46 3 428 432 10.1002/1531‑8249(199909)46:3<428::AID‑ANA23>3.0.CO;2‑I 10482278
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Nipah virus outbreak(s) in Bangladesh, January-April 2004. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 2004 79 17 168 171 15132054
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Islam M.S. Sazzad H.M.S. Satter S.M. Sultana S. Hossain M.J. Hasan M. Rahman M. Campbell S. Cannon D.L. Ströher U. Daszak P. Luby S.P. Gurley E.S. Nipah virus transmission from bats to humans associated with drinking traditional liquor made from date palm sap, Bangladesh, 2011–2014. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2016 22 4 664 670 10.3201/eid2204.151747 26981928
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Aditi Shariff M. Nipah virus infection: A review. Epidemiol. Infect. 2019 147 e95 10.1017/S0950268819000086 30869046
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Arankalle V.A. Bandyopadhyay B.T. Ramdasi A.Y. Jadi R. Patil D.R. Rahman M. Majumdar M. Banerjee P.S. Hati A.K. Goswami R.P. Neogi D.K. Mishra A.C. Genomic characterization of Nipah virus, West Bengal, India. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2011 17 5 907 909 10.3201/eid1705.100968 21529409
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Conroy G. Nipah virus outbreak: What scientists know so far. Nature 2023 1 6 10.1038/d41586‑023‑02967‑x 37730777
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Tan F.H. Sukri A. Idris N. Ong K.C. Schee J.P. Tan C.T. Tan S.H. Wong K.T. Wong L.P. Tee K.K. Chang L.Y. A systematic review on Nipah virus: Global molecular epidemiology and medical countermeasures development. Virus Evol. 2024 10 1 veae048 10.1093/ve/veae048 39119137
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Mishra G. Prajapat V. Nayak D. Advancements in nipah virus treatment: Analysis of current progress in vaccines, antivirals, and therapeutics. Immunology 2024 171 2 155 169 10.1111/imm.13695 37712243
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Menon V.B. George L.S. Response of the health system in Nipah outbreak in Ernakulam district. J. Family Med. Prim. Care 2021 10 9 3355 3360 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_801_21 34760757
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Goh K.J. Tan C.T. Chew N.K. Tan P.S.K. Kamarulzaman A. Sarji S.A. Wong K.T. Abdullah B.J.J. Chua K.B. Lam S.K. Clinical features of Nipah virus encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000 342 17 1229 1235 10.1056/NEJM200004273421701 10781618
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Wong S.C. Ooi M.H. Wong M.N. Tio P.H. Solomon T. Cardosa M.J. Late presentation of Nipah virus encephalitis and kinetics of the humoral immune response. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2001 71 4 552 554 10.1136/jnnp.71.4.552 11561048
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Epstein J.H. Field H.E. Luby S. Pulliam J.R.C. Daszak P. Nipah virus: Impact, origins, and causes of emergence. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2006 8 1 59 65 10.1007/s11908‑006‑0036‑2 16448602
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Parashar U.D. Sunn L.M. Ong F. Mounts A.W. Arif M.T. Ksiazek T.G. Kamaluddin M.A. Mustafa A.N. Kaur H. Ding L.M. Othman G. Radzi H.M. Kitsutani P.T. Stockton P.C. Arokiasamy J. Gary H.E. Anderson L.J. Case-control study of risk factors for human infection with a new zoonotic paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, during a 1998-1999 outbreak of severe encephalitis in Malaysia. J. Infect. Dis. 2000 181 5 1755 1759 10.1086/315457 10823779
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Hooper P.T. Williamson M.M. Hendra and Nipah virus infections. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract. 2000 16 3 597 603, xi 10.1016/S0749‑0739(17)30098‑6 11219352
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Mhod Nor M.N. Gan C.H. Ong B.L. Nipah virus infection of pigs in peninsular Malaysia. Rev. Sci. Tech. 2000 19 1 160 165 10.20506/rst.19.1.1202 11189713
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Harcourt B.H. Tamin A. Halpin K. Ksiazek T.G. Rollin P.E. Bellini W.J. Rota P.A. Molecular characterization of the polymerase gene and genomic termini of Nipah virus. Virology 2001 287 1 192 201 10.1006/viro.2001.1026 11504554
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Lo M.K. Peeples M.E. Bellini W.J. Nichol S.T. Rota P.A. Spiropoulou C.F. Distinct and overlapping roles of Nipah virus P gene products in modulating the human endothelial cell antiviral response. PLoS One 2012 7 10 e47790 10.1371/journal.pone.0047790 23094089
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Wong K.T. Shieh W.J. Kumar S. Norain K. Abdullah W. Guarner J. Goldsmith C.S. Chua K.B. Lam S.K. Tan C.T. Goh K.J. Chong H.T. Jusoh R. Rollin P.E. Ksiazek T.G. Zaki S.R. Nipah virus infection: Pathology and pathogenesis of an emerging paramyxoviral zoonosis. Am. J. Pathol. 2002 161 6 2153 2167 10.1016/S0002‑9440(10)64493‑8 12466131
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Liebl D.J. Morris C.J. Henkemeyer M. Parada L.F. mRNA expression of ephrins and Eph receptor tyrosine kinases in the neonatal and adult mouse central nervous system. J. Neurosci. Res. 2003 71 1 7 22 10.1002/jnr.10457 12478610
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Zimmer M. Palmer A. Köhler J. Klein R. EphB-ephrinB bi-directional endocytosis terminates adhesion allowing contact mediated repulsion. Nat. Cell Biol. 2003 5 10 869 878 10.1038/ncb1045 12973358
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Weingartl H. Czub S. Copps J. Berhane Y. Middleton D. Marszal P. Gren J. Smith G. Ganske S. Manning L. Czub M. Invasion of the central nervous system in a porcine host by nipah virus. J. Virol. 2005 79 12 7528 7534 10.1128/JVI.79.12.7528‑7534.2005 15919907
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Virtue E.R. Marsh G.A. Wang L.F. Interferon signaling remains functional during henipavirus infection of human cell lines. J. Virol. 2011 85 8 4031 4034 10.1128/JVI.02412‑10 21289115
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Murray K. Selleck P. Hooper P. Hyatt A. Gould A. Gleeson L. Westbury H. Hiley L. Selvey L. Rodwell B. Ketterer P. A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans. Science 1995 268 5207 94 97 10.1126/science.7701348 7701348
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Hyatt A.D. Selleck P.W. Ultrastructure of equine morbillivirus. Virus Res. 1996 43 1 1 15 10.1016/0168‑1702(96)01307‑X 8822630
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Guillaume V. Lefeuvre A. Faure C. Marianneau P. Buckland R. Lam S.K. Wild T.F. Deubel V. Specific detection of Nipah virus using real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan). J. Virol. Methods 2004 120 2 229 237 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.05.018 15288966
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Lo M.K. Lowe L. Hummel K.B. Sazzad H.M.S. Gurley E.S. Hossain M.J. Luby S.P. Miller D.M. Comer J.A. Rollin P.E. Bellini W.J. Rota P.A. Characterization of Nipah virus from outbreaks in Bangladesh, 2008-2010. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2012 18 2 248 255 10.3201/eid1802.111492 22304936
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Saha S. Bhattacharya M. Lee S.S. Chakraborty C. Recent advances of Nipah virus disease: Pathobiology to treatment and vaccine advancement. J. Microbiol. 2024 62 10 811 828 10.1007/s12275‑024‑00168‑3 39292378
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Pedrera M. McLean R.K. Medfai L. Thakur N. Todd S. Marsh G. Bailey D. Donofrio G. Muramatsu H. Pardi N. Weissman D. Graham S.P. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of an mRNA vectored Nipah virus vaccine candidate in pigs. Front. Immunol. 2024 15 1384417 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384417 38726013
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Chua K.B. Lam S.K. Goh K.J. Hooi P.S. Ksiazek T.G. Kamarulzaman A. Olson J. Tan C.T. The presence of Nipah virus in respiratory secretions and urine of patients during an outbreak of Nipah virus encephalitis in Malaysia. J. Infect. 2001 42 1 40 43 10.1053/jinf.2000.0782 11243752
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Daniels P. Ksiazek T. Eaton B.T. Laboratory diagnosis of Nipahand Hendra virus infections. Microbes Infect. 2001 3 4 289 295 10.1016/S1286‑4579(01)01382‑X 11334746
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Chittaluri V. Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude regarding Nipah virus infection and its prevention. Int. J. Biomed. Investig. 2021 4 2 1 6 10.31531/2581‑4745.1000133
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Middleton D.J. Westbury H.A. Morrissy C.J. van der Heide B.M. Russell G.M. Braun M.A. Hyatt A.D. Experimental Nipah virus infection in pigs and cats. J. Comp. Pathol. 2002 126 2-3 124 136 10.1053/jcpa.2001.0532 11945001
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Wong K.T. Grosjean I. Brisson C. Blanquier B. Fevre-Montange M. Bernard A. Loth P. Georges-Courbot M.C. Chevallier M. Akaoka H. Marianneau P. Lam S.K. Wild T.F. Deubel V. A golden hamster model for human acute Nipah virus infection. Am. J. Pathol. 2003 163 5 2127 2137 10.1016/S0002‑9440(10)63569‑9 14578210
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Chang L.Y. Mohd Ali A.R. Hassan S.S. AbuBakar S. Quantitative estimation of Nipah virus replication kinetics in vitro. Virol. J. 2006 3 1 47 10.1186/1743‑422X‑3‑47 16784519
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Das T. Datta S. Sen A. Revolutionizing Nipah virus vaccinology: Insights into subunit vaccine development strategies and immunological advances. In Silico Pharmacol. 2024 12 2 69 10.1007/s40203‑024‑00246‑9 39070666
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Abduljalil J.M. Elfiky A.A. Sayed E.S.T.A. AlKhazindar M.M. Computational identification of drug-like marine natural products as potential RNA polymerase inhibitors against Nipah virus. Comput. Biol. Chem. 2023 104 107850 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107850 36907056
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Berkane A. Kundu N. Munia A.A. Chakrabarty B. Utpal B.K. Kumar N. Vijay D. Bourhia M. Jardan Y.A.B. Abdelkrim G. Silva M.K. Oliveira J.I.N. Quercetin derivatives as potential inhibitors of Nipah virus phosphoprotein through in silico drug design approaches. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 2024 101 8 101196 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101196
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Abhinand C.S. Ibrahim J. Keshava Prasad T.S. Raju R. Oommen O.V. Nair A.S. Molecular docking and dynamics studies for the identification of Nipah virus glycoprotein inhibitors from Indian medicinal plants. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 2023 41 19 9211 9218 10.1080/07391102.2022.2153169 36473711
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Ghimire S. Identification of potential inhibitors against attachment glycoprotein G of nipah virus using comprehensive drug repurposing approach. Int. J. Biom. Bioinformatics. 2022 15 1 1
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/aia/10.2174/0122113525348679241201172623
Loading
An Overview of Nipah Virus Infection
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0122113525348679241201172623
/content/journals/aia/10.2174/0122113525348679241201172623
/content/journals/aia/10.2174/0122113525348679241201172623
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: human-to-human ; Nipah virus ; vaccine ; outbreak

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test