β-lactam Structured, 4-(4-(Methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-pentyl-3-phenoxyazetidin-2-one: Selectively Targets Cancerous B Lymphocyte Mitochondria

Background: β lactam-structured Cox-2 inhibitors, possesses anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: In this research, the actions of a synthetic β lactam-structured Cox-2 inhibitor with 4-(4- (Methylsulfonyl) phenyl)-1-pentyl-3-phenoxyazetidin-2-one on cellular viability of cancerous lymphoblast obtained from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and normal lymphocytes obtained from healthy donors were compared. Methods: % the cell viability of cancerouslymphoblasts and normal lymphocytes treated with β lactam derivatives were assayed with MTT test. Early apoptosis and necrosis were detected by double staining of annexin V/ propidium iodide and activity of caspase 3 as the final mediator in apoptotic mode of cell death was evaluated by colorimetric assay. Results: Our results showed that β lactam derivatives inhibited the proliferation of cancerous lymphoblast but not normal lymphocytes in a concentration-dependent mode by inducing apoptosis. Treatment with β lactam derivatives resulted in a rapid loss of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and cytochrome c release in cytosol of mitochondria resulted in activation of procaspase-9 and formation of active apoptosome. Conclusion: These findings suggest that 4-(4-(Methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-pentyl-3-phenoxyazetidin-2-one as a β lactam could induce ROS-mediated death signaling throughmitochondrial pathway that results in apoptosis in only cancerous lymphoblast cells. The stimulationof apoptosis by β lactams may provide a pivotal mechanismfor their anticancer effect in acute lymphocytic leukemia cells.