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- Volume 1, Issue 2, 2004
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) - Volume 1, Issue 2, 2004
Volume 1, Issue 2, 2004
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Impact of Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia on Endothelial Function
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing intermediate aminoacid, produced by the metabolism of methionine. Circulating homocysteine can be increased by a genetic deficiency of enzymatic pathways involved in its catabolism as well as by environmental factors including nutritional deficiencies, life style factors or physiological conditions, which mainly induce deficiency of folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6. Homocys Read More
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Interaction Between Platelets and Cytokines - A Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia
Authors: Jacob Bar, Avi Ben-Haroush, Judith Lahav and Mark SullivanPreeclampsia has recently been suggested to be a two-stage disorder of an alteration in placental perfusion (stage 1) leading to a maternal syndrome (stage 2). However, the mechanism linking the two remains unclear. There is now cumulative evidence that platelets may be involved. Platelets are known to be activated in early normal pregnancy, and their increased activation and consumption is probably controlled by Read More
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Carotid Artery Stenting for the Prevention of Thromboembolic Stroke
Authors: Martin Schillinger, Ramazanali Ahmadi and Erich MinarStroke is the third most common cause of death in Western civilizations, and the single most common cause for permanent disability. Approximately 20% to 30% of ischemic strokes are caused by high grade carotid artery stenosis, and revascularization therapy has the potential to resolve this problem. Traditionally, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is considered the Gold standard for treatment of symptomatic and asy Read More
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Neuroprotection by the α2-Adrenoceptor Agonist, Dexmedetomidine, in Experimental Stroke Models
Authors: Kirsi Puurunen, Jukka Jolkkonen and Juhani SiveniusDexmedetomidine is a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, which has been shown to be neuroprotective in experimental cerebral ischemia models. Dexmedetomidine administration induces sedation and it has been used as a veterinary sedative in a racemic mixture called medetomidine and recently also clinically in the intensive care unit. Dexmedetomidine treatment has been found to be neuroprotective in cerebral ischemi Read More
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Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) and Injury in the Cardiovascular System
More LessAcetaminophen (paracetamol) has been used therapeutically in Western medicine for about 110 years. Its fever-lowering and pain-relieving properties are well known, even though the specific mechanisms responsible for these actions are still uncertain. Recent and ongoing investigations have revealed previously-unpublished actions of this agent. This review focuses on heart and vasculature. For example, relative to vehicl Read More
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Human Saphenous Vein and Coronary Bypass Surgery: Scanning Electron Microscopy of Conventional and ‘No-Touch’ Vein Grafts
Authors: Vasileios Vasilakis, Michael R. Dashwood, Domingos S.R. Souza and Andrzej LoeschConventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most common cardiac surgical procedure for treating coronary artery disease (CAD). The greater saphenous vein (SV) is the most commonly used conduit material for aortocoronary grafting. During conventional harvesting of the SV graft for CABG the surrounding tissue is removed and the vein distended before implantation takes place. This results in mechanical trau Read More
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Interaction Between KATP-Channels and Protein Kinase C in the Regulation of Basal Coronary Flow
Authors: Eva Pongo, Ines Nevelsteen, Erin Liem, Willem Flameng and Kanigula MubagwaPotassium selective ion channels play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone. Particularly important is the class of K+ (KATP) channels modulated by intracellular ATP, which are normally closed at physiological intracellular ATP concentrations (ATPi) but open when ATPi decreases. KATP channels play an important role in the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, including that of coronary vessels. Recent data sugge Read More
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Inverse Regulation of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in Long-Term Follow-up After Acute Coronary Syndrome: Lack of Correlation with Platelet and Endothelial Cell Activation Markers
In atherosclerosis overactivity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is thought to contribute to plaque instability. In the present study we investigated in patients with acute coronary events: a) the longitudinal course of plasma levels of MMP-9, MMP-2 and of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 (TIMP-1, TIMP-2), b) any association between MMPs and TIMPs with soluble markers of platelet activation (sP Read More
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Characterizing Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Physical Activity, Circadian Rhythm and their Response to NOS Inhibitor and Substrate in CHF Rats with Telemetry
Authors: Weimin Zhang, Zhongyun Wang and Weiguo ZhangThe radio-telemetric technology makes it possible to continuously monitor arterial pressure, heart rate and physical activity as well as their circadian rhythms and their response to therapeutics in unrestrained animals for a longer period of time. This is essential for in vivo cardiovascular research. The primary purpose of the present study was to use telemetry to characterize those physiological parameters in a rat model Read More
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Guidelines and their Implementation: A Discussion Document Focused on the Best Approaches to Drive Improvement
Clinical practice guidelines exist in many different forms and in a wide spectrum of therapeutic areas; some recommendations are directed at specialists and others at a primary care audience, some focus on prevention and others on treatment of disease. In all of their various guises, guidelines represent an attempt to bridge the gap between the generation and the application of scientific evidence. Successful guidelin Read More
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