Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications
  4. Volume 18, Issue 5
  5. Article
Volume 18, Issue 5
  • ISSN: 2666-2558
  • E-ISSN: 2666-2566

Abstract

Introduction

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) integrate computing, control, and communication technologies, bridging cyberspace and the physical world to enhance critical infrastructure and safety-critical systems. Existing surveys often address CPS security from a single perspective, necessitating a more comprehensive approach.

Methods

This paper presents a thorough analysis of CPS security from three perspectives: the physical domain, the cyber domain, and the cyber-physical domain. We examine attacks on physical components like sensors, cyber-attacks targeting CPSs, and integrated cyber-physical attacks. For each domain, we analyse corresponding detection and defence mechanisms.

Results

Our study reveals that CPSs face significant security threats across all domains. In the physical domain, attacks on sensors can disrupt system operations, but various defences are available. In the cyber domain, CPSs are vulnerable to malware, hacking, and denial-of-service attacks, with several detection and defence strategies in place. The cyber-physical domain highlights complex threats where cyber-attacks cause physical damage, requiring comprehensive security approaches.

Conclusion

By examining CPS security from multiple perspectives, this study provides a holistic understanding of current threats and defence mechanisms. It identifies future research directions to enhance CPS security, aiming to better protect critical infrastructure against evolving cyber threats.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/rascs/10.2174/0126662558311697241023114206
2024-11-04
2025-07-07

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/rascs/10.2174/0126662558311697241023114206
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. ChuiK.T. GuptaB.B. LiuJ. AryaV. NedjahN. AlmomaniA. ChaurasiaP. A survey of internet of things and cyber-physical systems: Standards, algorithms, applications, security, challenges, and future directions.Information2023147388
     [Google Scholar]
  2. YuZ. GaoH. CongX. WuN. SongH.H. A survey on cyber-physical systems security.IEEE Internet Things J.202310242167021686
     [Google Scholar]
  3. ShiW. CaoJ. ZhangQ. LiY. XuL. Edge computing: Vision and challenges.IEEE Internet Things J.20163563764610.1109/JIOT.2016.2579198
     [Google Scholar]
  4. McLaughlinS. Von LaszewskiG. WangL. YoungeA. "Toward an elastic application model for augmenting the computing capabilities of mobile-edge computing", 2016 IEEE/ACM 7th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC)Berlin, Heidelberg, June 2011263268
     [Google Scholar]
  5. MaheshwariA. "Security issues in cyber physical systems: A survey", 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC)201617
     [Google Scholar]
  6. YaoF. SongC. HuangL. XuL. SongA. A comprehensive survey of enabling and emerging technologies for social internet of things.IEEE Access201862699927018
     [Google Scholar]
  7. YaghmaeeM.H. GiaT.N. DastjerdiA.V. IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges.Future Gener. Comput. Syst.201782395411
     [Google Scholar]
  8. ZhangW. ZhengY. XiangW. LuS. Cyber-physical systems security: A review.IEEE Access201979063190653
     [Google Scholar]
  9. AlabaF.A. OthmanM. HashemI.A.T. AlotaibiF. YaqoobI. Internet of things security: A survey.J. Netw. Comput. Appl.201788102810.1016/j.jnca.2017.04.002
     [Google Scholar]
  10. RajkumarR. LeeI. ShaL. StankovicJ. "Cyber-physical systems: The next computing revolution", Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation ConferenceAnaheim, CA, USA, 13-18 June201073173610.1145/1837274.1837461
     [Google Scholar]
  11. ZarpelãoB.B. MianiR.S. KawakaniC.T. de AlvarengaS.C. A survey of intrusion detection in Internet of Things.J. Netw. Comput. Appl.201784253710.1016/j.jnca.2017.02.009
     [Google Scholar]
  12. RayP.P. A survey of internet of things architectures.J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci.2018303291319
     [Google Scholar]
  13. GubbiJ. BuyyaR. MarusicS. PalaniswamiM. Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions.Future Gener. Comput. Syst.20132971645166010.1016/j.future.2013.01.010
     [Google Scholar]
  14. AtzoriL. IeraA. MorabitoG. Thl a survey.Comput. Netw.201054152787280510.1016/j.comnet.2010.05.010
     [Google Scholar]
  15. DíazM. MurilloJ.M. AguiarJ.M. Challenges, opportunities, and future trends of emerging techniques for augmented reality-based maintenance.Sci. World J.20152015
     [Google Scholar]
  16. FarooqM. O. KunzelmannH. The internet of things for smart homes: A review of recent trendsJ. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci.2017
     [Google Scholar]
  17. LiS. Da XuL. WangX. Compressed sensing signal and data acquisition in wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things.IET Wirel. Sens. Syst.2017738392
     [Google Scholar]
  18. GuoY. YuZ. KimJ. A survey of security architectures in the internet of thingsJ. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci.2018
     [Google Scholar]
  19. RomanR. ZhouJ. LopezJ. On the features and challenges of security and privacy in distributed internet of things.Comput. Netw.201357102266227910.1016/j.comnet.2012.12.018
     [Google Scholar]
  20. HalfondW.G. ViegasJ. OrsoA. A classification of SQL-injection attacks and countermeasuresProceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Secure Software EngineeringJanuary 2006
     [Google Scholar]
  21. MoY. BrunoS. False data injection attacks against state estimation in electric power grids.ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur.2010141133
     [Google Scholar]
  22. JosephA.D. ErrinW. A framework for understanding and preventing identity theft.IEEE Secur. Priv.20121053037
     [Google Scholar]
  23. JagielskiM. OpreaA. BiggioB. LiuC. Nita-RotaruC. LiB. "Manipulating machine learning: Poisoning attacks and countermeasures for regression learning", Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP 2018)San Francisco, CA, USA, 20-24 May2018193510.1109/SP.2018.00057
     [Google Scholar]
  24. PapernotN. McDanielP. SinhaA. WellmanM.P. "SoK: Security and privacy in machine learning", 2018 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P)London, UK, 24-26 April2018399414
     [Google Scholar]
  25. XieT. ZhangL. LiuH. FengD. An overview of recent advances in mobile cloud computingProceedings of the 2014 IEEE 5th International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS 2014)2014113116
     [Google Scholar]
  26. SunQ. Data-driven adaptive optimal control for constrained input nonlinear systems using reinforcement learning.IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst.201829617011714 28504948
     [Google Scholar]
  27. AhmadF. A survey on cyber-physical systems: Security and privacy issues, challenges, and solutions.Future Gener. Comput. Syst.2020105509525
     [Google Scholar]
  28. ZhuQ. BasarT. Game-theoretic methods for robustness, security, and resilience of cyber-physical control systems: Games-in-games principle for optimal cross-layer resilient control systems.IEEE Control Syst.2015351466510.1109/MCS.2014.2364710
     [Google Scholar]
  29. CárdenasA.A. "Attacks against process control systems: Risk assessment, detection, and response", Proceedings of the 6th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications SecurityNew York, NY, USA, 22 March201135536610.1145/1966913.1966959
     [Google Scholar]
  30. KrutzR.L. VinesR.D. Cloud Security: A Comprehensive Guide to Secure Cloud Computing.Wiley Publishing2010
     [Google Scholar]
  31. MillerC. ValasekC. Remote exploitation of an unaltered passenger vehicle.USABlack Hat2015
     [Google Scholar]
  32. KoutsoukosX.D. Smart grid cyber security: Threats, vulnerabilities and countermeasures.IEEE Commun. Mag.2010488104109
     [Google Scholar]
  33. ReddyT.B. ReddyG.S. Network intrusion detection system based on feature selection and triangle-area support vector machine.Int. J. Commun. Netw. Syst. Sci.201258511517
     [Google Scholar]
  34. CherdantsevaY. BurnapP. BlythA. EdenP. JonesK. SoulsbyH. StoddartK. A review of cyber security risk assessment methods for SCADA systems.Comput. Secur.20165612710.1016/j.cose.2015.09.009
     [Google Scholar]
  35. MitchellR. ChenI.R. A survey of intrusion detection techniques for cyber-physical systems.ACM Comput. Surv.201446412910.1145/2542049
     [Google Scholar]
  36. JafarianJ.H. Al-ShaerE. DuanQ. "Openflow random host mutation: Transparent moving target defense using software defined networking", Proceedings of the first workshop on hot topics in software defined networksNew York, NY, USA, 13 August201212713210.1145/2342441.2342467
     [Google Scholar]
  37. ZhouY. PezarosD.P. "Evaluation of machine learning classifiers for zero-day intrusion detection–an analysis on CIC-AWS-2018 dataset", IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Protection of Digital Services (Cyber Security)201518
     [Google Scholar]
  38. FerragM.A. Authentication protocols for Internet of Things: A comprehensive survey.Secur. Commun. Netw.20182018
     [Google Scholar]
  39. HeW. Security challenges in fog computing for Internet of Things: A survey.IEEE Internet Things J.20185437743784
     [Google Scholar]
  40. NingH. LiuH. YangL.T. Cyberentity security in the internet of things.Computer2013464465310.1109/MC.2013.74
     [Google Scholar]
  41. ParkJ.H. ShinD. A survey of IoT security based on multi-layer attack detection.Comput. Secur.2019843951
     [Google Scholar]
  42. AhmedM. A survey of network anomaly detection techniques.J. Netw. Comput. Appl.2019115122
     [Google Scholar]
  43. LiW. A survey of deep neural network architectures and their applications.Neurocomputing2018324344810.1016/j.neucom.2018.05.034
     [Google Scholar]
  44. FarooqM.S. A survey of machine learning techniques in IoT-based network intrusion detection systems.IEEE Access2018646054622
     [Google Scholar]
  45. ZarpelãoB.B. A survey of intrusion detection in IoT.IEEE Internet Things J.20174626602671
     [Google Scholar]
  46. KaulS. Real-time security and privacy issues in sensor clouds for the IoT.IEEE Internet Things J.201213276284
     [Google Scholar]
  47. StankovicJ.A. Research directions for the internet of things.IEEE Internet Things J.2014113910.1109/JIOT.2014.2312291
     [Google Scholar]
  48. YaqoobI. HashemI.A.T. GaniA. MokhtarS. AhmedE. AnuarN.B. VasilakosA.V. Big data: From beginning to future.Int. J. Inf. Manage.20163661231124710.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.07.009
     [Google Scholar]
  49. ContiM. Security threats in the age of smart grid.IEEE Secur. Priv.20181657785
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/rascs/10.2174/0126662558311697241023114206
Loading
A Comprehensive Survey on Cyber-physical System Security in the Internet of Things (IoT): Addressing and Solutions
Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 18, E26662558311697 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0126662558311697241023114206
/content/journals/rascs/10.2174/0126662558311697241023114206
/content/journals/rascs/10.2174/0126662558311697241023114206
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): cyber domain; cyber-physical domain; Cyber-physical systems; internet of things; physical domain

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test