Recent Advances in Drug Design and Delivery Across Biological Barriers Using Computational Models

The systemic delivery of pharmacological substances generally exhibits several significant limitations associated with the bio-distribution of active drugs in the body. Human body’s defense mechanisms have been found to become impediments to drug delivery. Various technologies have evolved to overcome these limitations, including computational approaches and advanced drug delivery. As the body of a human has evolved to defend itself from hostile biological as well as chemical invaders, the biological barriers, such as ocular barriers, blood-brain barriers, intestinal and skin barriers, also limit the passage of drugs across desired sites. Therefore, efficient delivery remains an utmost challenge for researchers and scientists. The present review focuses on the techniques to deliver the drugs with efficient therapeutic efficacy at the targeted sites. This review article provides an insight into the main biological barriers along with the application of computational or numerical methods to deal with different barriers by determining the drug flow, temperature and various other parameters. It also summarizes the advanced implantable drug delivery systems to circumvent the inherent resistance exhibited by these biological barriers, and in turn, to improve the drug delivery process.