Acute Lung Injury with Amphotericin Infusion in a Patient with Invasive Mucormycosis

Background: Amphotericin B is a pivotal drug for the management of invasive fungal infections. However, it has a significant toxicity profile with acute infusion reactions like fever, chills, vomiting, anaphylaxis, and nephrotoxicity in patients with long-term use. Pulmonary reactions mimicking acute pulmonary edema are unusual with amphotericin. Case Description: We report a case of a 51-year-old male diagnosed with rhinomaxillary mucormycosis, who developed acute onset breathlessness, bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates after amphotericin infusion. The patient recovered spontaneously within a few hours after the cessation of amphotericin, which was parallel with the normalization of Chest X-ray. Furthermore, the Naranjo adverse reaction probability score was 9, which established a definite causal relation between drug use and adverse event. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of acute lung injury in patients treated with amphotericin infusion. In cases with no alternative available, a slow infusion of amphotericin with close monitoring is required to prevent life-threatening pulmonary reactions.