Leptin G-2548A and Leptin Receptor Q223R Gene Polymorphisms are Differently Associated with Oxidative Process in Mexican Mestizo and Indigenous with Obesity

Leptin levels and oxidative stress are implicated in obesity risk. Reports of association of leptin gene (LEP) and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) polymorphisms with leptin elevation are contradictory in a diverse population. Only a few studies report the linkage of obesity with biochemical markers and genetic factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether plasma lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capability, leptin levels are associate selected LEP -2548 A/G and LEPR Q223R polymorphisms in mestizo and indigenous obesity Mexican population. Methods: We identified and characterized 50 overweight or obese subjects and 50 healthy, normal- weight volunteers with indigenous Tepehuana or Mexican mestizo ethnicity from Durango, Mexico. LEP -2548 A/G and LEPR Q223R polymorphisms were determined by genotyping. Concentrations of leptin, antioxidant capacity (CA) and lipoperoxidation (LIPX) were determined in fast conditions on plasma with Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) in all participants. Results: The highest genotype frequency was the heterozygous LEPR, which was associated with lipid peroxidation levels in normal-weight Tepehuan populations. A positive correlation was observed (r = 0.5; p <0.01) between LEP polymorphism and lipoperoxidation in normal weight Tepehuan subjects. On the other hand, the LEPR polymorphism was associated with the level of lipoperoxidation (r = 0.13; P <0.05) in mestizo populations of normal weight. Conclusion: It is probable that there is a synergistic effect for obesity, where the presence of oxidative stress and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of leptin and its receptor contributes to the generation of pathological subcutaneous fat of obesity, together with the environmental conditions of the populations.