Electrochemical Biosensors for Monitoring of Drug-DNA Interactions

The binding of the therapeutic agents to the nucleic acids is one of the paramount issues in the drug development area that is studied by various techniques. Electrochemical studies have a big portion in this area due to the fact that they allow designing of novel monitoring systems that have superior properties such as being feasible and sustainable. These electrochemical monitoring tools analyze these interactions in in vitro conditions and give the results precisely and rapidly. In the scope of this manuscript, the electrochemical monitoring platforms developed for the determination of DNA-drug interactions were under the spotlight. The electrode types mostly used for the electrochemical monitoring of drug-DNA interactions were described. The binding mechanisms of the drugs to the DNA structure were explained, and the evaluation strategies of the interactions using electrochemical techniques were stated. Most of the reports of the last 25 years were given, and some of the electrochemical biosensor applications including both voltammetric and impedimetric studies were explained in detail. Furthermore, it is possible to reach nanomaterials/biomaterials-based biosensor platforms for the monitoring of DNA-drug interactions, and these applications were in the scope of this manuscript. The future aspects of these areas were also stated.