Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy - Volume 13, Issue 5, 2018

Cancer immunotherapy, a new weapon against cancers by harnessing the patient's own immune system, potentiates an extended remission and possibly a cure for cancer. T cells genetically engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) vectors can specifically target the surface antigen of cancer cells and kill them in an MHC-independent manner. CD19 is extensively expressed on cancerous cells in B cell malignancies. To ta Read More

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that can modulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level, and they participate in almost all important biological processes. Immune system is elaborately regulated to maintain the equilibrium between immunity and tolerance. Recent studies have revealed significant functions of microRNAs in the maintenance of immune homeostasis using both cell and transgenic mouse models. I Read More

Background: Autoimmune disease is a refractory disease. Accumulating Evidence has revealed that the manipulation of mesenchymal stem cells may have the potential to control or even treat autoimmune diseases. Human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are emerging as a new line of mesenchymal stem cells that have displayed some potential advantages in controlling and treating autoimmune diseases. O Read More

Acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a rare and life-threatening bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by cytotoxic T-cells excessive activity, hematopoietic precursors decrease and peripheral blood (PB) pancytopenia. Patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) die 1 to 2 years after diagnosis due to fatal infections and/or hemorrhagic complications if they do not undergo any effective treatment. Nowadays, Imm Read More

Background: Adult stem cells are somatic stem cells distributed all over the body. They represent a promising future for regenerative medicine because of their multiple advantages as they are widely available, accessible, easily stored and manipulated to a wide range of cells and with minimal invasive extraction. Objective: This review describes three examples of adult stem cells: oral mucosal epithelial stem cells, hum Read More

Osteoporosis is a common age-related disorder characterized by low bone mass and deterioration in bone microarchitecture, leading to increased skeletal fragility and fracture risk. The pathophysiology of osteoporosis is multifactorial. It is related to the imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts; reduced bone mass and increased adipogenesis in the bone marrow. Moreover, angiogenesis, inflammatory process and mi Read More

With the ageing population, musculoskeletal conditions are becoming more inherent. Delayed union is defined as a slower than normal fracture healing response, with no healing after 4 to 6 months; however, the union is anticipated given sufficient time. In the context of delayed/non-union, fragility fractures in osteoporotic populations carry significant patient morbidity and socioeconomic costs. Multiple mechanisms hinder fr Read More

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are unique in their ability to self-renew and differentiate into one of many lineage possibilities. It is therefore integral to preserve these qualities to prevent the far reaching effects of a defective stem cell. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are precursors for and can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. They were originally found in the bone marrow, Read More

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are an attractive option for the development of treatment for musculoskeletal pathologies due to their wide availability, clinical safety and multiple techniques available. Understanding the control of MSC differentiation into skeletal muscle is vital for developing protocols and therapeutic applications that are safe and effective. This paper therefore aims to review the current understan Read More