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- Volume 6, Issue 2, 2010
Current Psychiatry Reviews - Volume 6, Issue 2, 2010
Volume 6, Issue 2, 2010
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Genome-Scale Technologies Foster Advances in Neurological and Behavioral Research
By Steve RozenNeurological and behavioral disorders are often difficult to study: In many cases they are the culmination of years of subtle biological processes, and the nervous system is inherently complex. Thus, researchers have been eager to exploit new, genome-scale technologies that promise fresh avenues to understanding these disorders. Here we review these technologies and present examples of neurological and behavioral find Read More
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Nature and Nurture: Genetic Influences and Gene-Environment Interactions in Depression
Authors: Sophiya Benjamin and Warren D. TaylorThere is a vast literature on the genetic basis for Major Depressive Disorder, a topic which only continues to expand. Several genes have been examined in the context of MDD. Some of these genetic studies have been replicated but most have not. One possible rationale for this lack of replication is an increasing recognition that gene-environment interactions play a crucial role in determining the risk of developing MDD. Read More
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The Genetics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Michael H. Bloch and Christopher PittengerOCD is a psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 1-3% and is a significant cause of disability worldwide. Family studies indicate that OCD has a significant hereditable component, with relatives of OCD cases being 4 times more likely to develop the disorder than the general population. Linkage studies in OCD have generally been underpowered and have failed to reach the statistical threshold for genome-wide significan Read More
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Genomic and Molecular Characterization of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Tih-Shih Lee, Sze-Ming Chua, Philip Ly and Weihong SongAlzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that afflicts mankind. Tremendous efforts have been made in investigating the genetic underpinnings and molecular pathophysiology of this illness. The heritability of AD is estimated to be around 60% and about 5% of AD cases are familial with early-onset caused by gene mutations. Several genes including APP, PSEN1, PSEN2 and APOE e4 have been ident Read More
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Molecular Biomarkers in Schizophrenia - Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Jimmy Lee and Siow-Ann ChongSchizophrenia is a serious mental illness and clinical diagnosis over the past century had been based on recognition of a certain pattern of thinking, perception and behavior. Although mostly people accept that the disease is a complex phenotypic presentation with a strong hereditary predisposition, the exact pathophysiology of schizophrenia has not been clearly elucidated. Rapid advancements in genomics, epigenom Read More
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Genomics of Addiction
Authors: Laura Bevilacqua and David GoldmanAddictions are chronic relapsing/remitting disorders with enormous repercussions at the individual and societal level. Heritabilities of addictions range from 0.39 to 0.72. Therefore it is essential to identify genetic vulnerability factors to clarify etiology and to develop individualized prevention and treatment strategies. Complex disorders are characterized by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. We review genom Read More
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Genomic Expression in the Epileptogenic Hippocampus and Psychiatric Co-Morbidities
Authors: Nihal C. de Lanerolle, Tore Eid and Tih-Shih LeeThe most common psychiatric disorders that are co-morbid with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are depressive, anxiety, psychotic and personality disorders. This review examines the role of the hippocampus in TLE and associated co-morbidities, and compares the patterns of gene expression in the hippocampus in TLE with patterns in the hippocampus and associated neocortical areas in major depressive disorder and schizoph Read More
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Epigenetics and the Environmental Regulation of the Brain's Genome and its Function
Authors: Ian C. Hellstrom and Michael J. MeaneyThere are numerous examples of the enduring effects of early experience on neural function. In this paper we review the emerging evidence for epigenetics as a candidate mechanism for such effects. Epigenetics refers to a set of functionally relevant modifications to the genome that do not involve a change in nucleotide sequence. Such modifications include chemical marks that regulate the transcription of the genome. The Read More
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