Anti-IgE Significantly Changes Circulating Interleukin-25, Vitamin-D and Interleukin-33 Levels in Patients with Allergic Asthma

Background: Multi-center, randomized-controlled trials and observational studies have demonstrated that, in severe asthmatic patients receiving omalizumab treatment, the frequency of exacerbations, the number of urgent adverse events, and the need for oral steroids tend to decrease. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 32 patients. The patients were divided into two groups as Group IA (pre-omalizumab) and Group IB (post-omalizumab). Serum IL-25 and IL-33 levels were measured and the number of emergency admissions, length of hospitalization (day), Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) value were analyzed. Results: ACT and FeNO values increased after omalizumab treatment, while IL-33, IL-25 levels decreased after the completion of omalizumab treatment. Furthermore, there was a weak, positive, and significant relationship between the changes in the ECP levels and IL-33 levels (r=0.38, p=0.03). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare circulating IL-25 and IL-33 levels with specific IgE synthesis in the literature. Multivariate correlation analysis showed that the changes in serum IL-33 levels were significantly correlated with the changes in the mite sIgE levels and length of hospital stay (Fmodel=11.2, p=0.01, r2=0.45). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between the other variables and changes in the IL-25 levels.