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After the discovery and characterization of the H3R and H4R receptors, they have become widely anticipated as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of sleep disorders. In preliminary studies, histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists and inverse agonists have demonstrated promise in the treatment of sleep disorders associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. This review article summarizes the current research in this area and characteristics of H3R and H3R antagonists and inverse agonists in development.