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image of Untargeted Metabolomics and Bioactivities Assessment of Xylaria ellisii, an 
Endophytic Fungus Isolated from the Leaf of the Plant Acorus calamus Linn.

Abstract

Introduction

Fungal endophytes have mutualistic associations with the plant's host, communicating through genetic and metabolic processes. As a result, they gain the ability to generate therapeutically effective metabolites and their derivatives.

Methods

The current study aims to assess antioxidant potential along with the identification of robust metabolites within the crude extract of a potent endophytic fungus isolated from leaf tissues of the Linn plant.Four endophytic fungi were obtained from leaf tissues of Linn., and identified morphologically and molecularly as distinct species. Each ethyl acetate extract of the isolated fungi exhibited a unique chemical profile in the HPTLC fingerprint at various wavelengths. The ethyl acetate (EA) extract from the fungal strain ACL-4 () demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity among the four fungal endophytes examined, with an EC value of 292.64 ± 3.558 µg/mL. Remarkably, fungal endophyte ACL-4 extract exhibited superior antimicrobial activity at the less concentrations compared to ACL-ME extract of leaf crude.

Results

The extract of ACL-ME-treated HEK 293T cells exhibited significant toxicity, with an IC value of 1481.74 ± 23.772 µg/mL, compared to fungal strain ACL-4-treated HEK 293T cells, which had an IC value greater than 2000 µg/mL. Consequently, the crude extract of ACL-4 and ACL-ME along with the standard drug methotrexate exhibited cytotoxic activity against cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with IC concentrations of 146.65 ± 0.394 µg/mL, 528.46 ± 10.912 µg/mL, and 134.11 ± 3.446 µg/mL, respectively. A total of 2,255 compounds were detected through LC-HRMS-based metabolomics in the crude metabolites of , with certain compounds identified in multiple instances. Among this repertoire, 62 robust bioactive compounds were identified through meticulous screening, guided by existing literature. Comparative HPTLC fingerprint analysis, along with antioxidant efficacy assays of ethyl acetate extracts of derived from leaves and twigs revealed the host-specific production of bioactive chemicals.

Conclusion

The top-scoring Keap1 inhibitors derived from , including Pregabalin (-6.083 Kcal/mol), Ferulic acid (-5.434 Kcal/mol), (R)-Piperidine-2-carboxylic acid (-5.31 Kcal/mol), Genipin (-5.197 Kcal/mol), and Brivaracetam (-5.17 Kcal/mol), respectively were considered as Keap 1 inhibitors, potentially mitigate oxidative stress.

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2025-04-15

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/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128337697250106001808
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Untargeted Metabolomics and Bioactivities Assessment of Xylaria ellisii, an 
Endophytic Fungus Isolated from the Leaf of the Plant Acorus calamus Linn.
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128337697250106001808
/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128337697250106001808
/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128337697250106001808
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: LCHRMS ; Acorus calamus Linn. ; Metabolomic ; Antioxidants ; Xylaria ellisii

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