Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema: Recent Updates on Clinical Efficacy of Therapies and Bioengineering Approaches for a Personalized Therapy

Background: Post-mastectomy lymphedema is a chronic progressive disease characterized by a significant reduction in quality of life and a range of complications. Aim: To this date, no single treatment method provides pathological correction of the mechanisms associated with tissue reorganization observed in later-stage breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Methods: To define a personalized approach to the management of patients with iatrogenic lymphedema, we performed a systematic review of literature without a comprehensive meta-analysis to outline existing molecular- genetic patterns, overview current treatment methods and their efficacy, and highlight the specific tissue-associated changes in BCRL conditions and other bio-engineering approaches to develop personalized therapy. Results: Our results show that several tissue-specific and pathological molecular markers may be found, yet current research does not aim to define them. Conclusion: As such, currently, a strong foundation for further research into molecular-genetic changes in lymphedema tissue exists, and further research should focus on finding specific targets for personalized treatment through bio-engineering approaches.