Current Pharmaceutical Analysis - Volume 12, Issue 1, 2016

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most common biomarkers of oxidative stress and is used for the diagnosis of many diseases. This work aims to review the reaction used for the derivatization of MDA, the parameters affecting adduct formation, and a number of recently published analytical methods for quantification of MDA in biological samples. A brief discussion of the reliability of MDA as an oxidative stress biomarker is also provided.

The safety of pharmaceuticals is dependent not only on the intrinsic toxicological properties of the active ingredient, but also on the impurities and degradation products that it may contain. The presence of impurities in active ingredients can have a significant impact on the quality, safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals. Efforts should be made to identify and characterize all unknown impurities in the drug, due to the increasin Read More

Background: The color-change mechanism of bromocresol purple (BCP) bound to a human serum albumin (HSA) molecule can be explained via the following proton-exchange reactions: (i) BCP- + HSA-COO- → BCP2- + HSA-COOH (pH < 6.0; i.e., the pKa of BCP-) and (ii) BCP2- + HSANH3+ → BCP- + HSA-NH2 (pH > 6.0). These can be monitored through pH-dependent experiments and are consistent with the absorbance data calcul Read More

Background: Pregnant women who are planned to undergo a cesarean section (CS) may suffer high levels of anxiety. Because glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is associated with stress conditions and anxiety, it is possible that anxious pregnant women may have altered blood glutamate levels which may influence the wellbeing of the mother and fetus. Objectives: This study was undertaken to examine an Read More

We focused on a rapid method for the assay of protein unbound indoxyl sulfate (IS) in urine samples by square-wave voltammetry. A sensor based on the electroactivity of commercial graphene screen-printed electrode (GR-SPE) for sensitive estimation of uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate was presented. The behaviors of uremic solute indoxyl sulfate on GR-SP electrodes were explored by cyclic and square-wave voltammetry. T Read More

The risk management system, firstly developed in industrial and transport sectors, has been recently applied also in the healthcare to ameliorate patient safety. Among available methods of risk analysis, the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis-FMEA highlights possible errors before adverse events occur and defines the actions to perform to prevent consequences. This qualitative approach can be implemented by the Failure Read More

This study established a highly effective and reliable method for the separation and quantitative determination of five pharmacodynamic active components of I. sonchifolia using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). The MEEKC conditions were investigated. The optimal running buffer (pH 9.25) consisted of 80 mmol/L Brij-35, 0.8% (v/v) n-heptane, 8% (v/v) 1- butanol, 25% (v/v) acetonitrile, 10 mmol/L sodi Read More

In this clinical study, a fast chromatographic (HPLC) method has been established for the quantification of β-estradiol. β-estradiol and the IS (verapamil) were separated from plasma using the deproteinisation procedure, followed by injection of the clear solution of the supernatant into the chromatographic system. For the first time, the proposed method employed a monolithic column in the analysis. The analyte was el Read More

Background: The application of digoxin in treating patients with heart failure (HF) has been lasted for more than 200 years, however, controversies remain on the effectiveness and safety of digoxin in prognosis of HF patients. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis of clinical trials that examined the digoxin use to evaluate effectiveness and safety. Methods and Result: We searched for the cohort studies that investigated the effect Read More