Synthesis of Oxygen and Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles using Zirconium Dioxide/Mixed Oxide Nanoparticles as Reusable Green Catalysts: A Comprehensive Update

The remarkable improvements in organic synthesis facilitated by zirconium dioxide- based nanoparticles are updated and summarized in this review. The ZrO2 acts as a versatile heterogeneous nanocatalyst and is used in various elementary organic reactions and many multicomponent reactions. The employment of these catalysts in organic synthesis leading to bio-active scaffolds provides the opportunity to carry out the reactions using facile synthetic protocol under mild environments that furnish the equivalent products in high yields and shorter reaction times. According to reports in the literature, ZrO2-based catalysts were removed from the reaction mixture and recycled many times.