Modified Nucleosides That Can Be Incorporated into DNA Enzymatically or in Live Cells

Recently, DNA modifications, in vitro or in vivo, have attracted much attention because of the enhanced structural diversity and functionality of the modified DNA, and their broadened applications. In doing so, the availability of modified nucleosides/tides that can still be recognized by various enzymes required for the incorporation of nucleobases into DNA is critical. In this review, recent progress in developing such modified nucleosides/tides is summarized based on structural modification sites. Various modification strategies are compared and contrasted.