Recent Achievements in the Chemistry of 1,2-Diazines

Recent studies have centred on 1,2-diazines derivatives, which proved to be invaluable materials in the fields of medicine, opto-electronics and agriculture. 1,2-diazines were found to have pharmaceutical applications including a wide range of biological activities, such as antiviral and anticancer, antituberculosis, antimicrobials, antifungus, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, diuretics, antithrombics, anticoagulants, antidepressant, anxiolytics, anticonvulsant, analgesic, and anti-multiple sclerosis. Their applications in the field of electronics are mainly focused on highly fluorescent derivatives (with potential as sensors and biosensors, electroluminescent materials, lasers, and other semiconductor devices) and compounds with liquid crystal properties. Herbicidal activity and the grow up factor for plants are also reviewed. Microwave assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has during the last years become an invaluable tool within chemistry research, which has shown to be a very efficient way towards the synthesis of many compounds. In this review, microwave assisted reactions of 1,2-diazine derivatives have been discussed, outlining an introduction to MW chemistry, N-alkylations, dipolar cycloadditions, cyclocondensations, transition-metal catalysed reactions, and nucleophilic substitution of 1,2- diazines.