Exploring Synthesis and Medicinal Applications of Andrographolide Derivatives: A Review

Andrographolide, derived from the plant Andrographis paniculata (AP), exhibits a diverse range of biological activities, encompassing anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, antiinflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-viral, anti-fibrotic, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory properties. Notably, numerous analogues of andrographolide have been synthesized, incorporating significant chemical structural modifications to enhance bioavailability and druggability. A comprehensive exploration into their molecular and cellular mechanisms of action has also been undertaken, enriching our understanding. The investigation highlights the potential of related terpenoid analogues from Andrographis paniculata, beyond the diterpene lactone andrographolide, to hold promise in disease treatment due to structural similarities and diverse pharmacological effects. This review offers insights into the anticipated synthesis and therapeutic applications of andrographolide derivatives across a spectrum of disorders.