CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders) - Volume 16, Issue 1, 2017

Aim: Alzheimer’s disease patients are increasing rapidly every year. Scholars tend to use computer vision methods to develop automatic diagnosis system. (Background) In 2015, Gorji et al. proposed a novel method using pseudo Zernike moment. They tested four classifiers: learning vector quantization neural network, pattern recognition neural network trained by Levenberg-Marquardt, by resilient backpropagation, and by Read More

Aim: This study presents an improved method based on “Gorji et al. Neuroscience. 2015” by introducing a relatively new classifier—linear regression classification. Method: Our method selects one axial slice from 3D brain image, and employed pseudo Zernike moment with maximum order of 15 to extract 256 features from each image. Finally, linear regression classification was harnessed as the classifier. Results: The Read More

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is normally linked to cognitive and functional dysfunctions. In this study, we explored the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the default mode network (DMN) to show the mechanism of neurophysiology in patients with OSAHS. Resting-state structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data were obtained from sixteen male moderate-to- severe Read More

Aim: It is beneficial to classify brain images as healthy or pathological automatically, because 3D brain images can generate so much information which is time consuming and tedious for manual analysis. Among various 3D brain imaging techniques, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most suitable for brain, and it is now widely applied in hospitals, because it is helpful in the four ways of diagnosis, prognosis, pre-surgica Read More

Background: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) results from NOTCH3 gene mutations, which lead to the degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The clinical presentation of CADASIL patients is dependent on the impact of other vascular risk factors and the type of NOTCH3 mutation present. Methods: Here, we report a rare pathogenic mutatio Read More

Our purpose is to develop a clinical decision support system to classify the patients’ diagnostics based on features gathered from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We studied 120 patients and 19 healthy individuals (not afflicted with MS) have been studied for this study. Healthy individuals in the control group do not have any complaint or drug use history. For the kernel tri Read More

The aim of this study is to introduce Hamiltonian path to analyze functional connectivity of brain default mode networks (DMNs). Firstly, the brain DMNs in resting state are constructed with the employment of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. Then, the Dijkstra algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path length of the node which represents each brain region, and the Hamiltonian path of the default netw Read More

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a long-lasting damage in the spinal cord that leads to paraparesis, paraplegia, quadriplegia and other lifetime disabilities. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the failure of axonal regeneration after SCI remain only partially understood. Although a spectrum of medical treatments has been made available for this disease, the therapeutic effects remain disappointing. The emergence of antibody Read More

Background: Vortioxetine (VRX) is a multimodal antidepressant that acts as serotonin (5HT) transporter inhibitor as well as 5HT3A and 5HT7 receptors antagonist, 5HT1A and 5HT1B receptors partial agonist. It was recently approved in the US and the EU for the treatment of adult patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Objective: The present article aims at systematically reviewing findings of the published and unp Read More

Introduction: Individual response to interferon beta (IFN-β) 1a treatment is heterogeneous in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our objective was to find a connection between serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)1 in MS patients treated with IFN-β in order to identify the nonresponders (NR). Material and Methods: We included in the study 32 healthy subjects and 32 MS patients: 10 nai Read More

Background: A relevant therapeutic time window (TTW) is an important criterion for considering the clinical relevance of a substance preventing newborn hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage. Objective: To test the TTW of the neuroprotective effects of cannabidol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid in a model of newborn HI brain damage. Method: 9-10 day-old C57BL6 mice underwent a HI insult (10% oxygen for 90 min Read More