Skip to content
2000
image of Vitamin D and Neurological Health: Unraveling Risk Factors, Disease Progression, and Treatment Potential

Abstract

This study explores the complex link between vitamin D and neurological illnesses, focusing on how vitamin D affects possible risk factors, therapeutic applications, and the trajectory of the disease. An epidemiological study has linked vitamin D insufficiency to several neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. It is hypothesized that immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D contribute to its neuroprotective effects. Two major mechanisms in dementia include neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Adequate levels of vitamin D have been shown in both animal models and human studies to enhance both clinical outcomes and the duration of illness in those who have it. Other ways that vitamin D contributes to its therapeutic potential include the production of neurotrophic factors, control over neurotransmitter synthesis, and preservation of the blood-brain barrier. Despite the encouraging outcomes, research is still being conducted to determine the optimal dosage and long-term benefits of vitamin D supplementation on brain function. In order to furnish precise directives and clarify the processes behind the neuroprotective impacts of vitamin D, future research must focus on large-scale randomized controlled studies. . This study highlights the significance of maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D as a modifiable risk factor for neurological disorders. Further study is also required to comprehend the possible medical benefits of this vitamin fully.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cnsnddt/10.2174/0118715273330972241009092828
2024-10-22
2024-11-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Moretti R. Morelli M.E. Caruso P. Vitamin D in neurological diseases: A rationale for a pathogenic impact. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018 19 8 2245 10.3390/ijms19082245 30065237
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Hu J. Jia J. Zhang Y. Miao R. Huo X. Ma F. Effects of vitamin D 3 supplementation on cognition and blood lipids: A 12-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2018 89 12 1341 1347 10.1136/jnnp‑2018‑318594 30279212
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Plantone D. Primiano G. Manco C. Locci S. Servidei S. De Stefano N. Vitamin D in neurological diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022 24 1 87 10.3390/ijms24010087 36613531
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Annweiler C. Schott A.M. Berrut G. Chauviré V. Le Gall D. Inzitari M. Beauchet O. Vitamin D and ageing: Neurological issues. Neuropsychobiology 2010 62 3 139 150 10.1159/000318570 20628264
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Chandra P. Sharma H. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Indian Drugs 2024 61 7 7 22 10.53879/id.61.07.14382
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Sharma H. Anand A. Halagali P. Advancement of nanoengineered flavonoids for chronic metabolic diseases. Role of Flavonoids in Chronic Metabolic Diseases: From Bench to Clinic Wiley Mishra N. Ashique S. Gowda B.H.J. Farid A. Garg A. 2024 459 510 10.1002/9781394238071.ch13
    [Google Scholar]
  7. German Nutrition Society New reference values for vitamin D. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 2012 60 4 241 246 10.1159/000337547 22677925
    [Google Scholar]
  8. L Ng K. Nguyễn L. Role of vitamin d in Parkinson’s disease. ISRN Neurol. 2012 2012 1 134289 10.5402/2012/134289 22619734
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Littlejohns T.J. Henley W.E. Lang I.A. Annweiler C. Beauchet O. Chaves P.H.M. Fried L. Kestenbaum B.R. Kuller L.H. Langa K.M. Lopez O.L. Kos K. Soni M. Llewellyn D.J. Vitamin D and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2014 83 10 920 928 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000755 25098535
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ghorbani Z. Togha M. Rafiee P. Ahmadi Z.S. Rasekh Magham R. Haghighi S. Razeghi Jahromi S. Mahmoudi M. Vitamin D in migraine headache: A comprehensive review on literature. Neurol. Sci. 2019 40 12 2459 2477 10.1007/s10072‑019‑04021‑z 31377873
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Yammine K. Abi Kharma J. Kaypekian T. Assi C. Zeeni N. Is diabetic neuropathy associated with vitamin D status? A meta-analysis. Br. J. Nutr. 2022 127 7 972 981 10.1017/S0007114521001707 34024290
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gianforcaro A. Hamadeh M.J. Vitamin D as a potential therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. CNS Neurosci. Ther. 2014 20 2 101 111 10.1111/cns.12204 24428861
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Basit S. Vitamin D in health and disease: A literature review. Br. J. Biomed. Sci. 2013 70 4 161 172 10.1080/09674845.2013.11669951 24400428
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Tuckey R.C. Cheng C.Y.S. Slominski A.T. The serum vitamin D metabolome: What we know and what is still to discover. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2019 186 4 21 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.003 30205156
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Jovičić S. Ignjatović S. Majkić-Singh N. Biochemistry and metabolism of vitamin D. J. Med. Biochem. 2012 31 4 309 315 10.2478/v10011‑012‑0028‑8
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Christakos S. Li S. De La Cruz J. Bikle D.D. New developments in our understanding of vitamin D metabolism, action and treatment. Metabolism 2019 98 112 120 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.010 31226354
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Amrein K. Scherkl M. Hoffmann M. Neuwersch-Sommeregger S. Köstenberger M. Tmava Berisha A. Martucci G. Pilz S. Malle O. Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: An update on the current status worldwide. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2020 74 11 1498 1513 10.1038/s41430‑020‑0558‑y 31959942
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hanley D.A. Cranney A. Jones G. Whiting S.J. Leslie W.D. Cole D.E.C. Atkinson S.A. Josse R.G. Feldman S. Kline G.A. Rosen C. Vitamin D in adult health and disease: A review and guideline statement from Osteoporosis Canada. CMAJ 2010 182 12 E610 E618 10.1503/cmaj.080663 20624868
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Jan Y. Malik M. Yaseen M. Ahmad S. Imran M. Rasool S. Haq A. Vitamin D fortification of foods in India: Present and past scenario. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2019 193 105417 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105417 31247324
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Di Somma C. Scarano E. Barrea L. Zhukouskaya V.V. Savastano S. Mele C. Scacchi M. Aimaretti G. Colao A. Marzullo P. Vitamin D and neurological diseases: An endocrine view. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017 18 11 2482 10.3390/ijms18112482 29160835
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Pathak R. Sharma S. Bhandari M. Nogai L. Mishra R. Saxena A. Reena Km S.H. Neuroinflammation at the crossroads of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases: Causes, consequences and interventions. J. Exp. Zool. India 2024 21 2 2447 2461
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Carlberg C. Raczyk M. Zawrotna N. Vitamin D. Vitamin D: A master example of nutrigenomics. Redox Biol. 2023 62 102695 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102695 37043983
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Sirajudeen S. Shah I. Al Menhali A. A narrative role of vitamin D and its receptor: With current evidence on the gastric tissues. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 20 15 3832 10.3390/ijms20153832 31387330
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Charoenngam N. Shirvani A. Kalajian T.A. Song A. Holick M.F. The effect of various doses of oral vitamin D3 supplementation on gut microbiota in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blinded, dose-response study. Anticancer Res. 2020 40 1 551 556 10.21873/anticanres.13984 31892611
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Pike J.W. Genome-wide principles of gene regulation by the vitamin D receptor and its activating ligand. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2011 347 1-2 3 10 10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.012 21664239
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Sharma H. Pathak R. Biswas D. Unveiling the therapeutic potential of modern probiotics in addressing neurodegenerative disorders: A comprehensive exploration, review and future perspectives on intervention strategies. Curr. Psychiatry Rev. 2024 10.2174/0126660822304321240520075036
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Pike J.W. Meyer M.B. Benkusky N.A. Lee S.M. St John H. Carlson A. Onal M. Shamsuzzaman S. Genomic determinants of vitamin D-regulated gene expression. Vitam. Horm. 2016 100 21 44 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.10.011 26827947
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Chandra P. Ali Z. Fatima N. Sharma H. Sachan N. Sharma K.K. Verma A. Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis): exploring its cognitive enhancing mechanisms and therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. Curr. Bioact. Compd. 2024 20 20 10.2174/0115734072292339240416095600
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Brumbaugh P.F. Haussler M.R. 1 α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol receptors in intestine. I. Association of 1 α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol with intestinal mucosa chromatin. J. Biol. Chem. 1974 249 4 1251 1257 10.1016/S0021‑9258(19)42968‑2 4360685
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Schräder M. Bendik I. Becker-André M. Carlberg C. Interaction between retinoic acid and vitamin D signaling pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 1993 268 24 17830 17836 10.1016/S0021‑9258(17)46779‑2 8394351
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Carlberg C. Vitamin D and its target genes. Nutrients 2022 14 7 1354 10.3390/nu14071354 35405966
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Carlberg C. Molnár F. Vitamin D receptor signaling and its therapeutic implications: Genome-wide and structural view. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2015 93 5 311 318 10.1139/cjpp‑2014‑0383 25741777
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Zella L.A. Meyer M.B. Nerenz R.D. Lee S.M. Martowicz M.L. Pike J.W. Multifunctional enhancers regulate mouse and human vitamin D receptor gene transcription. Mol. Endocrinol. 2010 24 1 128 147 10.1210/me.2009‑0140 19897601
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Kim S. Shevde N.K. Pike J.W. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates cyclic vitamin D receptor/retinoid X receptor DNA-binding, co-activator recruitment, and histone acetylation in intact osteoblasts. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2005 20 2 305 317 10.1359/JBMR.041112 15647825
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Carlberg C. Molecular endocrinology of vitamin D on the epigenome level. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2017 453 14 21 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.016 28315703
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Griffin M.D. Lutz W. Phan V.A. Bachman L.A. McKean D.J. Kumar R. Dendritic cell modulation by 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and its analogs: A vitamin D receptor-dependent pathway that promotes a persistent state of immaturity in vitro and in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001 98 12 6800 6805 10.1073/pnas.121172198 11371626
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Nanduri R. Mahajan S. Bhagyaraj E. Sethi K. Kalra R. Chandra V. Gupta P. The active form of vitamin D transcriptionally represses Smad7 signaling and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) to inhibit the differentiation of a inflammatory T helper cell subset and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Biol. Chem. 2015 290 19 12222 12236 10.1074/jbc.M114.621839 25809484
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Pike J.W. Christakos S. Biology and mechanisms of action of the vitamin D hormone. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 2017 46 4 815 843 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.001 29080638
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Sharma H. Chandra P. Effects of natural remedies on memory loss and Alzheimer’s disease. Afr.J.Bio.Sc. 2024 6 7 187 211
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Fetahu I.S. Höbaus J. Kállay E. Vitamin D and the epigenome. Front. Physiol. 2014 5 164 10.3389/fphys.2014.00164 24808866
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Prietl B. Treiber G. Pieber T. Amrein K. Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients 2013 5 7 2502 2521 10.3390/nu5072502 23857223
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Baeke F. Takiishi T. Korf H. Gysemans C. Mathieu C. Vitamin D: Modulator of the immune system. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2010 10 4 482 496 10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.001 20427238
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Zhang Y. Leung D.Y.M. Richers B.N. Liu Y. Remigio L.K. Riches D.W. Goleva E. Vitamin D inhibits monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1. J. Immunol. 2012 188 5 2127 2135 10.4049/jimmunol.1102412 22301548
    [Google Scholar]
  44. White J.H. Vitamin D metabolism and signaling in the immune system. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2012 13 1 21 29 10.1007/s11154‑011‑9195‑z 21845364
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Wang T.T. Nestel F.P. Bourdeau V. Nagai Y. Wang Q. Liao J. Tavera-Mendoza L. Lin R. Hanrahan J.W. Mader S. White J.H. Cutting edge: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. J. Immunol. 2004 173 5 2909 2912 10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.2909 15322146
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Halagali P. Inamdar A. Singh J. Anand A. Sadhu P. Pathak R. Sharma H. Biswas D. Phytochemicals, herbal extracts, and dietary supplements for metabolic disease management. Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets 2024 24 10.2174/0118715303287911240409055710 38676520
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Wang Q. He Y. Shen Y. Zhang Q. Chen D. Zuo C. Qin J. Wang H. Wang J. Yu Y. Vitamin D inhibits COX-2 expression and inflammatory response by targeting thioesterase superfamily member 4. J. Biol. Chem. 2014 289 17 11681 11694 10.1074/jbc.M113.517581 24619416
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Wancket L.M. Frazier W.J. Liu Y. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 in immunology, physiology, and disease. Life Sci. 2012 90 7-8 237 248 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.11.017 22197448
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Agraz-Cibrian J.M. Giraldo D.M. Urcuqui-Inchima S. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces formation of neutrophil extracellular trap-like structures and modulates the transcription of genes whose products are neutrophil extracellular trap-associated proteins: A pilot study. Steroids 2019 141 14 22 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.11.001 30414422
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Martens P.J. Gysemans C. Verstuyf A. Mathieu C. Vitamin D’s effect on immune function. Nutrients 2020 12 5 1248 10.3390/nu12051248 32353972
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Takahashi K. Nakayama Y. Horiuchi H. Ohta T. Komoriya K. Ohmori H. Kamimura T. Human neutrophils express messenger RNA of vitamin D receptor and respond to 1 α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 2002 24 3 335 347 10.1081/IPH‑120014721 12375732
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Chen S. Sims G.P. Chen X.X. Gu Y.Y. Chen S. Lipsky P.E. Modulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation. J. Immunol. 2007 179 3 1634 1647 10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1634 17641030
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Mora J.R. Iwata M. von Andrian U.H. Vitamin effects on the immune system: Vitamins A and D take centre stage. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2008 8 9 685 698 10.1038/nri2378 19172691
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Danner O.K. Matthews L.R. Francis S. Rao V.N. Harvey C.P. Tobin R.P. Wilson K.L. Alema-Mensah E. Newell Rogers M.K. Childs E.W. Vitamin D3 suppresses class II invariant chain peptide expression on activated B-lymphocytes: A plausible mechanism for downregulation of acute inflammatory conditions. J. Nutr. Metab. 2016 2016 1 1 8 10.1155/2016/4280876 27313879
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Boonstra A. Barrat F.J. Crain C. Heath V.L. Savelkoul H.F.J. O’Garra A. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin d3 has a direct effect on naive CD4(+) T cells to enhance the development of Th2 cells. J. Immunol. 2001 167 9 4974 4980 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.4974 11673504
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Lysandropoulos A.P. Jaquiéry E. Jilek S. Pantaleo G. Schluep M. Du Pasquier R.A. Vitamin D has a direct immunomodulatory effect on CD8+ T cells of patients with early multiple sclerosis and healthy control subjects. J. Neuroimmunol. 2011 233 1-2 240 244 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.11.008 21186064
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Zhao X. Zhang M. Li C. Jiang X. Su Y. Zhang Y. Benefits of vitamins in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2019 2019 1 1 14 10.1155/2019/9426867 30915197
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Bivona G. Gambino C.M. Iacolino G. Ciaccio M. Vitamin D and the nervous system. Neurol. Res. 2019 41 9 827 835 10.1080/01616412.2019.1622872 31142227
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Annweiler C. Rolland Y. Schott A.M. Blain H. Vellas B. Herrmann F.R. Beauchet O. Higher vitamin D dietary intake is associated with lower risk of alzheimer’s disease: A 7-year follow-up. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2012 67 11 1205 1211 10.1093/gerona/gls107 22503994
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Annweiler C. Fantino B. Parot-Schinkel E. Thiery S. Gautier J. Beauchet O. Alzheimer’s disease - Input of vitamin D with mEmantine assay (AD-IDEA trial): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2011 12 1 230 10.1186/1745‑6215‑12‑230 22014101
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Fiala M. Mizwicki M.T. Neuroprotective and immune effects of active forms of vitamin D3 and docosahexaenoic acid in Alzheimer disease patients. Funct. Food Health Dis. 2011 1 12 545 554 10.31989/ffhd.v1i12.107
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Stein M.S. Scherer S.C. Ladd K.S. Harrison L.C. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D2 followed by intranasal insulin in Alzheimer’s disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2011 26 3 477 484 10.3233/JAD‑2011‑110149 21694461
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Zhang H.J. Zhang J.R. Mao C.J. Li K. Wang F. Chen J. Liu C.F. Relationship between 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D, bone density, and Parkinson’s disease symptoms. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2019 140 4 274 280 10.1111/ane.13141 31389003
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Knekt P. Kilkkinen A. Rissanen H. Marniemi J. Sääksjärvi K. Heliövaara M. Serum vitamin D and the risk of Parkinson disease. Arch. Neurol. 2010 67 7 808 811 10.1001/archneurol.2010.120 20625085
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Rebelos E. Tentolouris N. Jude E. The role of vitamin D in health and disease: A narrative review on the mechanisms linking vitamin D with disease and the effects of supplementation. Drugs 2023 83 8 665 685 10.1007/s40265‑023‑01875‑8 37148471
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Luo X. Ou R. Dutta R. Tian Y. Xiong H. Shang H. Association between serum vitamin D levels and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Neurol. 2018 9 909 10.3389/fneur.2018.00909 30483205
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Karam C. Barrett M.J. Imperato T. MacGowan D.J.L. Scelsa S. Vitamin D deficiency and its supplementation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Clin. Neurosci. 2013 20 11 1550 1553 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.01.011 23815870
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Sharma H. Pathak R. Kumar N. Nogai L. Mishra R. Bhandari M. Koli M. Pandey P. Endocannabinoid system: Role in depression, recompense, and pain control. J. Surv. Fish. Sci. 2023 10 4S 2743 2751
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Feige J. Moser T. Bieler L. Schwenker K. Hauer L. Sellner J. Vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis: A critical analysis of potentials and threats. Nutrients 2020 12 3 783 10.3390/nu12030783 32188044
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Koduah P. Paul F. Dörr J.M. Vitamin D in the prevention, prediction and treatment of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. EPMA J. 2017 8 4 313 325 10.1007/s13167‑017‑0120‑8 29209434
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Ashique S. Pal R. Sharma H. Mishra N. Garg A. Unraveling the emerging niche role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets 2024 23 11 1357 1370 10.2174/0118715273288155240201065041 38351688
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Berezowska M. Coe S. Dawes H. Effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in the management of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 20 6 1301 10.3390/ijms20061301 30875858
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Miclea A. Bagnoud M. Chan A. Hoepner R. A brief review of the effects of vitamin D on multiple sclerosis. Front. Immunol. 2020 11 781 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00781 32435244
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Sharma H. Rani T. Khan S. An insight into neuropathic pain: A systemic and up-to-date review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2023 14 2 607 621
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Song T.J. Chu M.K. Sohn J.H. Ahn H.Y. Lee S.H. Cho S.J. Effect of vitamin D deficiency on the frequency of headaches in migraine. J. Clin. Neurol. 2018 14 3 366 373 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.3.366 29971976
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Sharma H. Chandra P. Challenges and future prospects: A benefaction of phytoconstituents on molecular targets pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease. Int. J. Pharm. Investig. 2023 14 1 117 126 10.5530/ijpi.14.1.15
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Liampas I. Siokas V. Brotis A. Dardiotis E. Vitamin D serum levels in patients with migraine: A meta-analysis. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 2020 176 7-8 560 570 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.12.008 32241571
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Patel U. Kodumuri N. Malik P. Kapoor A. Malhi P. Patel K. Saiyed S. Lavado L. Kapoor V. Hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency amongst migraine patients: A nationwide retrospective study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2019 55 8 407 10.3390/medicina55080407 31349730
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Lippi G. Cervellin G. Mattiuzzi C. No evidence for an association of vitamin D deficiency and migraine: A systematic review of the literature. BioMed Res. Int. 2014 2014 1 1 5 10.1155/2014/827635 24900990
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Nowaczewska M. Wiciński M. Osiński S. Kaźmierczak H. The role of vitamin D in primary headache–from potential mechanism to treatment. Nutrients 2020 12 1 243 10.3390/nu12010243 31963460
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Sharma H. Chandra P. Verma A. Pandey S.N. Kumar P. Sigh A. Therapeutic approaches of nutraceuticals in the prevention of neurological disorders. Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023 12 5 1575 1596
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Skapek S.X. Ferrari A. Gupta A.A. Lupo P.J. Butler E. Shipley J. Barr F.G. Hawkins D.S. Viswanathan V. Rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 2019 5 1 1 8 10.1038/s41572‑018‑0051‑2 30617281
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Benbow SJ. Wallymahmed ME. MacFarlane IA. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and quality of life. QJM 1998 91 11 733 737 10.1093/qjmed/91.11.733 10024935
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Shehab D. Al-Jarallah K. Mojiminiyi O.A. Al Mohamedy H. Abdella N.A. Does Vitamin D deficiency play a role in peripheral neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes? Diabet. Med. 2012 29 1 43 49 10.1111/j.1464‑5491.2011.03510.x 22050401
    [Google Scholar]
  85. McCarty M.F. Secondary hyperparathyroidism promotes the acute phase response – A rationale for supplemental Vitamin D in prevention of vascular events in the elderly. Med. Hypotheses 2005 64 5 1022 1026 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.03.041 15780504
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Boulton A.J.M. Malik R.A. Diabetic neuropathy. Med. Clin. North Am. 1998 82 4 909 929 10.1016/S0025‑7125(05)70029‑8 9706126
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Faye P.A. Poumeaud F. Miressi F. Lia A.S. Demiot C. Magy L. Favreau F. Sturtz F.G. Focus on 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the peripheral nervous system. Front. Neurosci. 2019 13 348 10.3389/fnins.2019.00348 31031586
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Maser R.E. Lenhard M.J. Pohlig R.T. Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with reduced parasympathetic nerve fiber function in type 2 diabetes. Endocr. Pract. 2015 21 2 174 181 10.4158/EP14332.OR 25297669
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Karonova T. Stepanova A. Bystrova A. Jude E.B. High-dose vitamin D supplementation improves microcirculation and reduces inflammation in diabetic neuropathy patients. Nutrients 2020 12 9 2518 10.3390/nu12092518 32825324
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Gonnelli S. Caffarelli C. Giordano N. Nuti R. The prevention of fragility fractures in diabetic patients. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 2015 27 2 115 124 10.1007/s40520‑014‑0258‑3 25059454
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Llewellyn D.J. Langa K.M. Lang I.A. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and cognitive impairment. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 2009 22 3 188 195 10.1177/0891988708327888 19073839
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Buell J.S. Scott T.M. Dawson-Hughes B. Dallal G.E. Rosenberg I.H. Folstein M.F. Tucker K.L. Vitamin D is associated with cognitive function in elders receiving home health services. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2009 64A 8 888 895 10.1093/gerona/glp032 19377013
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Lee S.J. Lee H.K. Kweon Y.S. Lee C.T. Lee K.U. The impact of executive function on emotion recognition and emotion experience in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Investig. 2009 6 3 156 162 10.4306/pi.2009.6.3.156 20046390
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Balion C. Griffith L.E. Strifler L. Henderson M. Patterson C. Heckman G. Llewellyn D.J. Raina P. Vitamin D, cognition, and dementia. Neurology 2012 79 13 1397 1405 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826c197f 23008220
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Beauchet O. Annweiler C. Montero-Odasso M. Fantino B. Herrmann F.R. Allali G. Gait control: A specific subdomain of executive function? J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 2012 9 1 12 10.1186/1743‑0003‑9‑12 22321772
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Peterson A. Mattek N. Clemons A. Bowman G.L. Buracchio T. Kaye J. Quinn J. Serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with falling and cognitive function in older adults. J. Nutr. Health Aging 2012 16 10 898 901 10.1007/s12603‑012‑0378‑4 23208029
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Llewellyn D.J. Lang I.A. Langa K.M. Muniz-Terrera G. Phillips C.L. Cherubini A. Ferrucci L. Melzer D. Vitamin D and risk of cognitive decline in elderly persons. Arch. Intern. Med. 2010 170 13 1135 1141 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.173 20625021
    [Google Scholar]
  98. De Vincentis S. Russo A. Milazzo M. Lonardo A. De Santis M.C. Rochira V. Simoni M. Madeo B. How much vitamin D is too much? A case report and review of the literature. Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets 2021 21 9 1653 1659 10.2174/1871530320666201007152230 33030138
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Minatelli J.A. Hill W.S. Moerck R.E. Composition and method to alleviate joint pain using low molecular weight hyaluronic acid and astaxanthin. US Patent 9999631 2018
  100. Kinney A.J. Cahoon E.B. Damude H.G. Hitz W.D. Liu Z.B. Kolar C.W. Production of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in oil seed plants. US Patent 8084074 2011
  101. Minatelli J.A. Hill W.S. Moerck R.E. Composition and method to alleviate joint pain using phospholipids and astaxanthin. US Patent 9913810 2018
  102. Chopra A. Moore DD. Asprosin, a fast-induced glucogenic protein hormone. WO Patent 2017180902A1 2017
  103. West M.D. Larocca D. Methods for detecting and modulating the embryonic-fetal transition in mammalian species. US Patent 17542997 2022
/content/journals/cnsnddt/10.2174/0118715273330972241009092828
Loading
/content/journals/cnsnddt/10.2174/0118715273330972241009092828
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:
    Review Article
Keywords: neurological disorders ; Vitamin D ; gene regulation ; neurology ; neuroprotection
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test