Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluids

Nanofluids, which consist of base liquid and nano-sized conductive particles, are widely acclaimed as a new generation liquid for heat transfer applications. Since they possess a variety of conductive particles, they can be efficiently utilized in a heat exchanger. These nano-sized conductive particles can increase the surface area, thus the heat transfer area, changing their thermophysical features. Density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity are crucial parameters and cannot be underestimated in heat transfer. These properties can be manipulated by the particle and baseliquid and can significantly influence the performance of nanofluids. In the last decade, several models, equations, and investigations have been performed to examine the parameters that promote these properties. A review is necessary to locate terms for classifying studies that are both compatible and contradictory to the effects of density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity on the performance of nanofluids.