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- Volume 8, Issue 3, 2010
Current Neuropharmacology - Volume 8, Issue 3, 2010
Volume 8, Issue 3, 2010
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Editorial [Hot topic: Melatonin and Brain (Guest Editor: Dun-Xian Tan)]
By Dun-Xian TanMelatonin as a natural occurring free radical scavenger and an inducer of antioxidant enzymes has been well documented in thousands of publications within the last decade. Melatonin is no longer exclusively classified as a neurohormone since melatonin has been identified in bacteria, fungi, algae and plants. Likewise, endogenously-produced melatonin is no longer the only source in the body since melatonin is also deri Read More
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Significance of High Levels of Endogenous Melatonin in Mammalian Cerebrospinal Fluid and in the Central Nervous System
Levels of melatonin in mammalian circulation are well documented; however, its levels in tissues and other body fluids are yet only poorly established. It is obvious that melatonin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of mammals including humans are substantially higher than those in the peripheral circulation. Evidence indicates that melatonin produced in pineal gland is directly released into third ventricle via Read More
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Melatonin Metabolism in the Central Nervous System
More LessThe metabolism of melatonin in the central nervous system is of interest for several reasons. Melatonin enters the brain either via the pineal recess or by uptake from the blood. It has been assumed to be also formed in some brain areas. Neuroprotection by melatonin has been demonstrated in numerous model systems, and various attempts have been undertaken to counteract neurodegeneration by melatonin treatment. Seve Read More
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The Role of Mitochondria in Brain Aging and the Effects of Melatonin
Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine present in different tissues, cellular compartments and organelles including mitochondria. When melatonin is administered orally, it is readily available to the brain where it counteracts different processes that occur during aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. These aging processes include oxidative stress and oxidative damage, chronic and acute inflammation, mi Read More
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Neurotoxins: Free Radical Mechanisms and Melatonin Protection
Authors: Russel J. Reiter, Lucien C. Manchester and Dun-Xian TanToxins that pass through the blood-brain barrier put neurons and glia in peril. The damage inflicted is usually a consequence of the ability of these toxic agents to induce free radical generation within cells but especially at the level of the mitochondria. The elevated production of oxygen and nitrogen-based radicals and related non-radical products leads to the oxidation of essential macromolecules including lipids, proteins an Read More
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Anti-Amyloidogenic and Anti-Apoptotic Role of Melatonin in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Hongwen He, Weiguo Dong and Fang HuangAlzheimer disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss. Amyloid-β protein (Aβ) deposition plays a critical role in the development of AD. It is now generally accepted that massive neuronal death due to apoptosis is a common characteristic in the brains of patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, and apoptotic ce Read More
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Clinical Aspects of Melatonin Intervention in Alzheimer's Disease Progression
Authors: Daniel P. Cardinali, Analia M. Furio and Luis I. BruscoMelatonin secretion decreases in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and this decrease has been postulated as responsible for the circadian disorganization, decrease in sleep efficiency and impaired cognitive function seen in those patients. Half of severely ill AD patients develop chronobiological day-night rhythm disturbances like an agitated behavior during the evening hours (so-called “sundowning”). Melatonin replacement has bee Read More
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Antiinflammatory Activity of Melatonin in Central Nervous System
Authors: Emanuela Esposito and Salvatore CuzzocreaMelatonin is mainly produced in the mammalian pineal gland during the dark phase. Its secretion from the pineal gland has been classically associated with circadian and circanual rhythm regulation. However, melatonin production is not confined exclusively to the pineal gland, but other tissues including retina, Harderian glands, gut, ovary, testes, bone marrow and lens also produce it. Several studies have shown that me Read More
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Cannabinoid Receptors as Target for Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Tale of Two Therapies
More LessThe central nervous system plays an important role in regulating bone metabolism in health and in disease with a number of neurotransmitters been reported to influence bone cell activity through a central relay. In keeping with this, recent studies demonstrated that endocannabinoids and their receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol are foun Read More
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Antiepileptic Drug Interactions - Principles and Clinical Implications
Authors: Svein I. Johannessen and Cecilie Johannessen LandmarkAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are widely used as long-term adjunctive therapy or as monotherapy in epilepsy and other indications and consist of a group of drugs that are highly susceptible to drug interactions. The purpose of the present review is to focus upon clinically relevant interactions where AEDs are involved and especially on pharmacokinetic interactions. The older AEDs are susceptible to cause induction (carbamaze Read More
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Recent Advances on the Possible Neuroprotective Activities of Epstein- Barr Virus Oncogene BARF1 Protein in Chronic Inflammatory Disorders of Central Nervous System
Authors: Alicia Wynne, Rupinder K. Kanwar, Rajiv Khanna and Jagat R. KanwarMultiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases in which cells of the central nervous system (CNS) are lost or damaged are rapidly increasing in frequency, and there is neither effective treatment nor cure to impede or arrest their destructive course. The Epstein-Barr virus is a human gamma-herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the human population worldwide and persisting for the lifetime of the host. It is assoc Read More
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Trafficking of Neuronal Two Pore Domain Potassium Channels
Authors: Alistair Mathie, Kathryn A. Rees, Mickael F. El Hachmane and Emma L. VealeThe activity of two pore domain potassium (K2P) channels regulates neuronal excitability and cell firing. Post-translational regulation of K2P channel trafficking to the membrane controls the number of functional channels at the neuronal membrane affecting the functional properties of neurons. In this review, we describe the general features of K channel trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane Read More
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A Systematic, Updated Review on the Antidepressant Agomelatine Focusing on its Melatonergic Modulation
Authors: Michele Fornaro, Davide Prestia, Salvatore Colicchio and Giulio PerugiObjective: To present an updated, comprehensive review on clinical and pre-clinical studies on agomelatine. Method: A MEDLINE, Psycinfo and Web of Science search (1966-May 2009) was performed using the following keywords: agomelatine, melatonin, S20098, efficacy, safety, adverse effect, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), Alzheimer, ADHD, Read More
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Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis - Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Dirk Fitzner and Mikael SimonsMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that usually starts as a relapsing-remitting disease. In most patients the disease evolves into a chronic progressive phase characterized by continuous accumulation of neurological deficits. While treatment of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) has improved dramatically over the last decade, the therapeutic Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 23 (2025)
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Volume 22 (2024)
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Volume 21 (2023)
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Volume 20 (2022)
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Volume 19 (2021)
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Volume 18 (2020)
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Volume 17 (2019)
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Volume 16 (2018)
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Volume 15 (2017)
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Volume 14 (2016)
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Volume 13 (2015)
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Volume 12 (2014)
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Volume 11 (2013)
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Volume 10 (2012)
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Volume 9 (2011)
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Volume 8 (2010)
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Volume 7 (2009)
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Volume 6 (2008)
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Volume 5 (2007)
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Volume 4 (2006)
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Volume 3 (2005)
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Volume 2 (2004)
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Volume 1 (2003)
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