Current Neuropharmacology - Volume 19, Issue 8, 2021

Both preclinical and clinical studies have pointed that aerobic exercise, at moderate doses, is beneficial at all stages of life by promoting a range of physiological and neuroplastic adaptations that reduce the anxiety response. Previous research about this topic has repeatedly described how the regular practice of aerobic exercise induces a positive regulation of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis-related genes, as well as a better Read More

Background: The year 2020 will go down in modern history as the one ravaged by a pandemic, the one which humbled the entire world. From the richest and most advanced nations to the poorest and least developed ones, it exposed all of our vulnerabilities. The loss of life, health disparities and economic adversities, aggravated by political and ideological tensions, added multiple layers of stress and anxieties to an already st Read More

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates an inflammatory response with molecular cascades triggered by the presence of necrotic debris, including damaged myelin, hemorrhages and injured neuronal cells. Molecular cascades prominent in TBI-induced inflammation include the release of an excess of proinflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors, the degradation of tight junctions (TJs), cytoskeletal rearrangements and le Read More

Traumatic injuries of the brain and spinal cord are a significant source of mortality and long-term disability. A recent systematic study in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) indicates severe, destructive, and very protracted inflammation as the key mechanism initiated by the massive injury involving the white matter. Although the severe inflammation is localized and counteracted by astrogliosis, it has a damaging effect on t Read More

The spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates an extraordinarily protracted disease with 3 phases; acute, inflammatory, and resolution that are restricted to the cavity of injury (COI) or arachnoiditis by a unique CNS reaction against the severity of destructive inflammation. While the severity of inflammation involving the white matter is fueled by a potently immunogenic activity of damaged myelin, its sequestration in the COI an Read More

Oxidative stress, which results in the damage of diverse biological molecules, is a ubiquitous cellular process implicated in the etiology of many illnesses. The sulfhydryl-containing tripeptide glutathione (GSH), which is synthesized and maintained at high concentrations in all cells, is one of the mechanisms by which cells protect themselves from oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a synthetic derivative of the endogenous a Read More

The growth factors BDNF and GDNF are gaining more and more attention as modulators of synaptic transmission in the mature central nervous system (CNS). The two molecules undergo a regulated secretion in neurons and may be anterogradely transported to terminals where they can positively or negatively modulate fast synaptic transmission. There is today a wide consensus on the role of BDNF as a pro-nociceptive Read More

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently been used as a promising treatment for cancer, while their toxicity and immune-related side effects can be seen in any organ, including the nervous system. In contrast to other immune-related adverse events (irAEs), neurological irAEs (nAEs) are rare, with varying incidence and symptom complexity. Although nAEs are uncommon, they can sometimes be severe and eve Read More

Background: There is a complex and interactive relationship between sleep and epilepsy. Sleep disorders are common in patients with epilepsy, and methods for managing sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy are limited. Objective: This review addresses the relationship among sleep, sleep disorders, and epilepsy, focusing on the management of sleep disorders in epilepsy, including some complementary and alternative ther Read More

Background: Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD) show deposits of improperly folded modified proteins. Protein expression mechanisms are involved since the early stages. Several studies evaluated epigenomics and proteomics profiles in these patients, with promising results. In general, they focused on early, specific, and minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AD and PD. Objectives: Thi Read More

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 47 million people display mental health disorders Worldwide. In addition, epidemiological studies have shown that the extension of life expectancy and the increase in aged population will significantly impact the prevalence of several mental impairments. Although there are strategies for preventing and alleviating mental illnesses, such as pharmacological and psychological a Read More

The aim of this work is to review tacrine analogues from the last three years, which were not included in the latest review work, donepezil and galantamine hybrids from 2015 and rivastigmine derivatives from 2014. In this account, we summarize the efforts toward the development and characterization of non-toxic inhibitors of cholinesterases based on mentioned drugs with various interesting additional properties such Read More

Background: Nonylphenol (NP), a chemical compound widely used in industry, is the result of the nonylphenol ethoxylate decomposition and it is known as an estrogen-like compound. Numerous studies and researches have shown that it has many destructive functions of various organs such as the brain. This toxicant causes oxidative stress in the cortex and hippocampus cells, which are two essential regions to preserve mem Read More

Astrocytes are essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytic dysfunction has been implicated in the progression of several neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases; however, a multitude of factors and signals influencing astrocytic activity have not been entirely elucidated. Astrocytes respond to local signals from the brain, but are also indirectly modulated by gut microbiota. Pre Read More

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is commonly used to treat acute ischemic stroke within an appropriate therapeutic window. Its inhibitor, neuroserpin (NSP), is reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects on stroke. This review aims to summarize, from literature, the available evidence, potential mechanisms, and knowledge limitations regarding the neuroprotective role of NSP in stroke. All the available evidence indicate Read More

Due to an oversight the revised references were not published in the Meet The Editorial Board Member section in Current Neuropharmacology, 2020, Vol. 18, No. 12, Page No. 1165. The correct references are replaced in the online version.