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- Volume 15, Issue 1, 2017
Current Neuropharmacology - Volume 15, Issue 1, 2017
Volume 15, Issue 1, 2017
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Positive Emotional Learning Induces Resilience to Depression: A Role for NMDA Receptor-mediated Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Jeffrey Burgdorf, Elizabeth M. Colechio, Patric Stanton and Jaak PankseppBackground: Positive emotions have been shown to induce resilience to depression and anxiety in humans, as well as increase cognitive abilities (learning, memory and problem solving) and improve overall health. In rats, frequency modulated 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (Hedonic 50-kHz USVs) reflect a positive affective state and are best elicited by rough-and-tumble play. Methods: The effect of positive affect induced by r Read More
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants Ketamine and Scopolamine
Authors: Eric S. Wohleb, Danielle Gerhard, Alex Thomas and Ronald S. DumanMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disease that causes profound social and economic burdens. The impact of MDD is compounded by the limited therapeutic efficacy and delay of weeks to months of currently available medications. These issues highlight the need for more efficacious and faster-acting treatments to alleviate the burdens of MDD. Recent breakthroughs demonstrate that certain drug Read More
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D-cycloserine in Schizophrenia: New Strategies for Improving Clinical Outcomes by Enhancing Plasticity
More LessBackground: Dysregulation of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling is strongly implicated in schizophrenia. Based on the ketamine model of NMDA receptor hypoactivity, therapeutic approaches designed to maintain a sustained increase in agonist activity at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor have produced promising, although inconsistent, efficacy for negative symptoms. Methods: A review of the publishe Read More
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Towards the Molecular Foundations of Glutamatergic-targeted Antidepressants
Authors: Roger A. Kroes and Carol L. NilssonBackground: Depression affects over 120 million individuals of all ages and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The lack of objective diagnostic criteria, together with the heterogeneity of the depressive disorder itself, makes it challenging to develop effective therapies. The accumulation of preclinical data over the past 20 years derived from a multitude of models using many divergent approaches, has fuele Read More
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The Development of Rapastinel (Formerly GLYX-13); A Rapid Acting and Long Lasting Antidepressant
Background: Rapastinel (GLYX-13) is a NMDA receptor modulator with glycine-site partial agonist properties. It is a robust cognitive enhancer and shows rapid and long-lasting antidepressant properties in both animal models and in humans. Methods: Rapastinel was derived from a monoclonal antibody, B6B21, is a tetrapeptide (threonine-proline-proline-threonine-amide) obtained from amino acid sequence information obtaine Read More
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Therapeutic Modulation of Glutamate Receptors in Major Depressive Disorder
Current pharmacotherapies for major depressive disorder (MDD) have a distinct lag of onset that can prolong distress and impairment for patients, and realworld effectiveness trials further suggest that antidepressant efficacy is limited in many patients. All currently approved antidepressant medications for MDD act primarily through monoaminergic mechanisms, e.g., receptor/reuptake agonists or antagonists with varying aff Read More
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Synaptic Plasticity, Metaplasticity and Depression
Authors: Linnea R. Vose and Patric K. StantonThe development of a persistent depressive affective state has for some time been thought to result from persistent alterations in neurotransmitter-mediated synaptic transmission. While the identity of those transmitters has changed over the years, the literature has lacked mechanistic connections between the neurophysiological mechanisms they regulate, and how these mechanisms alter neuronal functio Read More
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Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: New Pathophysiological Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Tessa B. Johung and Michelle MonjeBackground: Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is the leading cause of brain tumor-related death in children, with median survival of less than one year. Despite decades of clinical trials, there has been no improvement in prognosis since the introduction of radiotherapy over thirty years ago. Objective: To review the clinical features and current treatment challenges of DIPG, and discuss emerging insights into the unique g Read More
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Patient-derived Tumor Models for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas
Authors: Rintaro Hashizume and Nalin GuptaBackground: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas represent a unique subtype of primary brain tumors occuring in a specific location and age. Their growth demonstrates early invasion and, following diagnosis, rapid growth not responsive to common therapies. Until recently, the genetic and cellular basis of these tumors was unknown. Genetic evidence implicates mutations in the histone genes in the origin of these tumors. M Read More
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Nanotechnology Applications for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
Authors: Amy Lee Bredlau, Suraj Dixit, Chao Chen and Ann-Marie BroomeDiffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are invariably fatal tumors found in the pons of elementary school aged children. These tumors are grade II-IV gliomas, with a median survival of less than 1 year from diagnosis when treated with standard of care (SOC) therapy. Nanotechnology may offer therapeutic options for the treatment of DIPGs. Multiple nanoparticle formulations are currently being investigated for the treatme Read More
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Convection-Enhanced Delivery for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treatment
Authors: Zhiping Zhou, Ranjodh Singh and Mark M. SouweidaneConvection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a technique designed to deliver drugs directly into the brain or tumors. Its ability to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB), one of the major hurdles in delivering drugs to the brain, has made it a promising drug delivery method for the treatment of primary brain tumors. A number of clinical trials utilizing CED of various therapeutic agents have been conducted to treat patients with supratent Read More
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Re-Examining the Need for Tissue Diagnosis in Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas: A Review
Authors: Libby Kosnik Infinger and Charles B. StevensonDiffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a malignant brain tumor of childhood that carries an extremely poor prognosis. There are ~200-300 new cases diagnosed each year, [1, 2] and little progress has been made in changing the prognosis and outcome of the tumor since it was first documented in the literature in 1926 [3]. The median overall survival is 8-11 months [4], with an overall survival rate of 30% at 1 year, a Read More
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One-Compound-Multi-Target: Combination Prospect of Natural Compounds with Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Han-Sen Chen, Su-Hua Qi and Jian-Gang ShenTissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the only FDA-approved drug for acute ischemic stroke treatment, but its clinical use is limited due to the narrow therapeutic time window and severe adverse effects, including hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and neurotoxicity. One of the potential resolutions is to use adjunct therapies to reduce the side effects and extend t-PA's therapeutic time window. However, therapies modula Read More
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Exosomes: The Messengers of Health and Disease
Authors: Allison L. Isola and Suzie ChenExosomes are small vesicles comprised of a lipid bilayer containing various proteins, RNAs and bioactive lipids. They act as intercellular messengers that give the ability to communicate between both cells of the same type and other cell types. They are released by healthy cells, both constitutively and upon cell activation and play an important role in immune system function. Exosomes are essential for healthy physiol Read More
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Mitochondria and Synaptic Plasticity in the Mature and Aging Nervous System
Authors: Vyara Todorova and Arjan BloklandSynaptic plasticity in the adult brain is believed to represent the cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. Mitochondria are involved in the regulation of the complex processes of synaptic plasticity. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the regulatory roles of mitochondria in the function and plasticity of synapses and the implications of mitochondrial dysfunctions in synaptic transmission. First, the importance of Read More
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Antipsychotic Induced Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: John Yin, Alasdair M. Barr, Alfredo Ramos-Miguel and Ric M. ProcyshynChronic prescription of antipsychotics seems to lose its therapeutic benefits in the prevention of recurring psychotic symptoms. In many instances, the occurrence of relapse from initial remission is followed by an increase in dose of the prescribed antipsychotic. The current understanding of why this occurs is still in its infancy, but a controversial idea that has regained attention recently is the notion of iatrogenic dopamine su Read More
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Common Neurogenetic Diagnosis and Meso-Limbic Manipulation of Hypodopaminergic Function in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Changing the Recovery Landscape
Background: In 1990, Blum and associates provided the first confirmed genetic link between the DRD2 polymorphisms and alcoholism. This finding was based on an earlier conceptual framework, which served as a blueprint for their seminal genetic association discovery they termed “Brain Reward Cascade.” These findings were followed by a new way of understanding all addictive behaviors (substance and non-substance) t Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 23 (2025)
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Volume 22 (2024)
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Volume 21 (2023)
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Volume 20 (2022)
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Volume 19 (2021)
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Volume 18 (2020)
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Volume 17 (2019)
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Volume 16 (2018)
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Volume 15 (2017)
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Volume 14 (2016)
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Volume 13 (2015)
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Volume 12 (2014)
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Volume 11 (2013)
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Volume 10 (2012)
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Volume 9 (2011)
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Volume 8 (2010)
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Volume 7 (2009)
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Volume 6 (2008)
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Volume 5 (2007)
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Volume 4 (2006)
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Volume 3 (2005)
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Volume 2 (2004)
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Volume 1 (2003)
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