Nano-Lipid-Carriers for the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Recent Update, Pathophysiology and Mechanism of Drug Delivery

Background: Vitiligo is an auto-immune disease with white-coloured disfiguring patches or spots on the skin surface. It is highly prevalent in several corners of the world. This disease spreads in different age groups. Aim: The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of pathophysiology and lipid-based nano-carriers for the treatment of vitiligo. Methods: The conventional delivery systems available have limited efficacy due to less retention of the drug in the epidermal layer where melanocytes reside. In order to overcome these issues, an advanced delivery system with lipid-based nano-carriers for the treatment of vitiligo was proven to be better as per the literature explored. Results: This review summarizes the pathophysiology along with novel lipid-based nano-carriers for the treatment of vitiligo. Conclusion: Though various treatment regimens are present for the disease, nano-lipid carrier systems are significantly gaining importance nowadays, due to their high effectivity in topically acting on the target site. Nano-lipid carrier systems such as liposomes, ethosomes, transethosomes and transferosomes can be said to be at the top of the list in acting effectively against vitiligo or several other tropical diseases.