Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1B): A promising Drug Target Against Life-threatening Ailments

Background: Protein tyrosine phosphatases are enzymes which help in the signal transduction in diabetes, obesity, cancer, liver diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. PTP1B is the main member of this enzyme from the protein extract of human placenta. In phosphate inhibitors development, significant progress has been made over the last 10 years. In early-stage clinical trials, few compounds have reached whereas in the later stage trials or registration, yet none have progressed. Many researchers investigate different ways to improve the pharmacological properties of PTP1B inhibitors. Objective: In the present review, authors have summarized various aspects related to the involvement of PTP1B in various types of signal transduction mechanisms and its prominent role in various diseases like cancer, liver diseases and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: There are still certain challenges for the selection of PTP1B as a drug target. Therefore, continuous future efforts are required to explore this target for the development of PTP inhibitors to treat the prevailing diseases associated with it.