Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) - Volume 14, Issue 1, 2018

Background: The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a well conserved mechanism that mammalian cells use to cope with stress and infections. This mechanism is exquisitely regulated at several levels, including post-transcriptional modifications by microRNAs. These small non-coding RNAs are mainly involved in the degradation of mRNA, thereby blocking protein translation. The finely balanced interplay between the UPR an Read More

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction and recurrent multifocal exacerbations of neurological signs and symptoms. Infiltration of autoreactive lymphocytes and macrophages into the brain parenchyma produces excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrog Read More

Background: Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is the second most common autoimmune rheumatic disease after rheumatoid arthritis and affects approximately 1 to 3% of the population. Most patients affected by Sjogren's syndrome manifest otorhinolaryngological involvement, such as glandular, ocular, oral, otological, pharyngeal, laryngeal and sinonasal symptoms. Objective: The aim of this article is to emphasize the o Read More

Background: Chikungunya infections are a major concern because of their persistent recurrence in the last few decades. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito borne alpha virus that causes an acute febrile illness accompanied by body rashes, myalgia and polyarthralgia; which may persists for years. Chikungunya fever, affect millions of people in Africa, Asia, including the Indian subcontinent and lately in several regi Read More

Background: Vitamin D has mainly been described in the literature beyond its skeletal functions, including an influence on the immune responses against infections. Observational and interventional studies have represented evidence that Vitamin D deficiency may cause increased risk of seasonal influenza and pulmonary tract infection. Methods: A structured search of EMBASE, Medline, and Web of Science databases was Read More

Background: Recurrent Miscarriage (RM) is one of the most frustrating clinical situations wherein most of the cases, neither the engaged obstetrician nor suffering couples know the exact etiology and cause of the disease. About 10-15% of women with RM diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are characterized by the marked presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLa). There are several sci Read More

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown the role of high dietary fat intake as a risk factor for Neuropsychiatric Disorders (NPDs). However, the exact mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. Methods: An electronic search was performed using Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar regarding the association of high fat intake and inflammatory reactions and their roles in the etiopathogenesis of NPDs. Results: The res Read More

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease whose etiology and pathogenesis are incompletely understood. Over the past 50-60 years, there has been a rise of more than ten-fold in the annual incidence of SLE in industrialized Western countries. Although it is believed that the etiology of SLE is multifactorial, including genetic, hormonal and environmental triggers, the molecular mechanisms underlying this syst Read More