Current Hypertension Reviews - Volume 8, Issue 4, 2012

Increased arterial stiffness is emerging as a useful marker of cardiovascular damage. A growing body of evidence suggests that the stiffening of the conduit arteries is linearly associated with poor survival in the general population and high-risk population such as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Indeed, the loss of the elastic properties of conduit arteries induces an increase in the central pulse pressure and cardiac workl Read More

Sympathetic neural mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of hypertension. In the last few years the role of renal nerves as regulators of kidney function, volume homeostasis and blood pressure control and as potential target of therapeutic intervention has received renewed interest. Data obtained by the radiofrequency catheterbased procedure for renal denervation have provided evidence for a pr Read More

There is a global ESRD pandemic. Despite all therapeutic maneuvers and advances in dialysis care over the last two decades, ESRD patients on hemodialysis continue to experience high all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with annual mortality rates exceeding 20%. There have been attempts to show that combination angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin receptor blockade therapy will help resolv Read More

Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade has proven efficacy in the treatment of hypertension and in improving morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. The potential importance of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade has grown recently amid the observation that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers do not effectively reduce aldosterone levels in all patients over the long Read More

Blood pressure (BP) measurement is a simple, and reproducible methool and is easily accepted by patients. It is well known that in a single subject BP may change during the day; this fact is considered physiological by many physicians and does not influence the final estimated value of BP. However, it's reasonable to suppose that blood pressure variability (BPV) has clinical consequences and that exists a cardiovascular risk Read More

Hypertension occurring during the course of dialysis is an increasingly recognized finding in ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis. In this review, we will describe the epidemiologic, observational, and experimental studies that have increased our understanding of the natural history, health consequences, pathophysiology, and potential prevention and treatment strategies for intradialytic hypertension. The observational evid Read More

Hemodialysis patients have a high cardiovascular mortality and hypertension is the most prevalent treatable risk factor. Hemodialysis is an unphysiological therapy respect to daily renal function, and the approach to avoid the related may be to increase dialysis frequency using a daily dialysis therapy. We analyze as the effect of more long or frequent weekly dialysis can improve the hypertension in hemodialysis patients.

Cardiovascular disease is one major cause of mortality and morbidity after renal transplantation. Management of arterial hypertension as one important risk factor is a complex problem in the ambulatory care for these patients. Offical therapeutical recommendations are vague and due to the lack of randomized controlled and prospective studies generally based on experiences in nontransplanted patient populations. New i Read More

The survival rates of children with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are significantly lower when compared with general pediatric population. As in adults, cardiovascular disease, infectious risks, uremia-related complications, and metabolic derangements contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. The last 30 years have brought significant advances in our understanding of pediatric chronic kidney disease. However, m Read More

The control of sodium intake, and the implementation of low sodium diet in nephrology clinical practice is very low, is difficult when salt have been implicated as targets for manipulation to limit progression of kidney disease. It is well recognized that better control of blood pressure is important in mitigating the progression of CKD. We describe the effects of Very Low protein Diet on intake of Sodium, and, consequently, on protei Read More

Despite large sensitization, excess weight, hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents are extending more and more, as a real new ‘epidemic’. Always more attention has been paid on epidemiology, causes, consequences and factors related to increase blood pressure values among young people. For the first time during 2009, the recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension for Read More