Current Hypertension Reviews - Volume 6, Issue 2, 2010

Obesity, hypertension, obesity-related hypertension, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have increased dramatically in prevalence and now pose a significant burden on health and health budgets. Indeed, several large cohort longitudinal studies such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) have found that obesity, diabetes and hyperten Read More

Overweight and obesity is a growing “world-wide epidemic problem” as many as, because two-thirds of the adult population and a growing number of children are overweight. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and hypertension are significantly increased with the prevalence of obesity. Many patients are both diabetic and hypertensive as well as being obese. Obesity, Read More

Obesity, hypertension, obesity-related hypertension and the metabolic syndrome are growing health problems. Importantly, while frequently associated, not all obese subjects have hypertension. It is widely recognized that heightened sympathetic nerve activity and insulin resistance (or hyperinsulinemia) relate to obesity, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. However, the precise relationships between heightened Read More

Obesity, hypertension and obesity-related hypertension are growing health problems. Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in patients with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disease. Obese subjects are frequently associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disease, and end-organ damage (i.e. end-stage renal damage). An integrated cardiovascular risk managem Read More

Several recent clinical trials show that blocking agents of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) reduce cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome based on insulin resistance and obesity, especially accumulated visceral fat. Our laboratory has focused on the relationship between the vascular RAAS and the action of insulin on the vasculature. We first revealed that the addition of insulin to cultu Read More

Obesity increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in part by inducing hypertension. One factor linking excess fat mass to cardiovascular diseases may be the sympathetic cardiovascular actions of leptin. Initial studies of leptin showed it regulates appetite and enhances energy expenditure by activating sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to thermogenic brown adipose tissue. Further study, however, demonstrated Read More

Visceral fat accumulation has been shown to play crucial roles in the development of obesity-related disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and the so-called metabolic syndrome. Obese patients, particularly those with visceral fat accumulation, have reduced plasma levels of adiponectin, the most abundant and adipose-specific adipocytokine. A series of clinical and experimental studi Read More

Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus) and metabolic syndrome are rapidly growing public health problems. Heightened sympathetic nerve activity is a well-established observation in obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Human obesity, hypertension and diabetes have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metab Read More

Obesity is a chronic problem affecting an increasing number of people worldwide and is now recognized as a global epidemic. Various factors involved in the complex genetic-environmental interactions that cause obesity will promote long-term positive energy balance. A cluster of environmental factors, including high energy intakes in the diet, low energy expenditure, and disturbed substrate oxidation, favour the in Read More

This review describes the interactions between the renin-angiotensin and the sympathetic nervous system. Secondly, conditions and disease states particularly characterized by hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin and/or the sympathetic nervous system will be discussed and finally evidence on the effects on the sympathetic nervous system of agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system and the significance of these findings i Read More