Current Hypertension Reviews - Volume 12, Issue 2, 2016

SIRT1 is an NAD-dependent deacetylase. One important role of SIRT1 is its deacetylation activity in the modulation of cell stress signals via epigenetics. In podocytes, SIRT1 regulates the expression of important genes such as PGC-1α, Foxo4, p65 and STAT3, which act to maintain podocyte function by modulating the levels of histone acetylation. Here, we confirmed that SIRT1 protects podocytes by maintaining PG Read More

We have recently published that tubular epithelial cells affect the podocyte epigenome though nicotinic acid metabolism in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and we have named this relationship “proximal tubule–podocyte communication”. In this review, we describe this novel mechanism in the early stage of DN, focusing on the function of renal tubular Sirt1 and Sirt1-related nicotinic acid metabolism. Mainly, we discuss the follo Read More

Recently it has been shown that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in initiation and progression of caridiovascular and metabolic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension and kidney diseases. In these chronic diseases, various exogenous and endogenous stresses cause DNA damage, followed by DNA repair process. Accumulation of DNA damages and impaired repair process Read More

Over the past several years, cancer treatments have expanded from usual chemotherapy standards with introduction of newer targeted therapies. As with chemotherapy, the targeted therapies also have unique side effects affecting various organ systems producing toxicities, such as cardiac and renal. This manuscript focuses on hypertension induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors and tyrosine kinase i Read More

Raised blood pressure is common in ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage and is an independent risk factor for unfavourable outcome. Yet, the approach to blood pressure management represents an unresolved issue in acute stroke treatment. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge regarding the management of raised blood pressure in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemor Read More

The most recent Cochrane reviews on oral antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy conclude that no substantial benefits for the mother or fetus are demonstrated so far. Whether this applies for a high-risk and diabetic pregnancy is doubtful. The aim of this short review is an introduction to the field of ambulatory blood pressure measurements in pregnancy and in particular in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetic pregnancy is c Read More

Introduction: Prehypertension is considered a precursor of systemic arterial hypertension and a predictor of morbidity-mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, which are the main causes of death in Brazil and the world. Thus, early diagnosis and the adoption of therapeutic measures in cases of prehypertension can reduce cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to perform a selective review of Read More

The pathophysiological mechanism of resistant hypertension (RH) is related to increased vascular smooth muscle tone and blood volume, exacerbation of the activity of the sympathetic system and hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), all of which are important regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure. Hypertension is associated with reduced endothelial homeostasis, and thus the bes Read More

Stroke is the second most common cause of death and the most common cause of disability worldwide. Up to 30% of ischaemic strokes are caused by carotid atherosclerosis, usually due to thromboemboli from an atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid bifurcation. High blood pressure is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, the development of unstable carotid plaques, and ischaemic strokes. Differentiation between a Read More

Background: New medical approaches to the autonomic nervous system, such as catheterbased renal denervation, have been introduced into clinical practice in the recent years for patients who have resistant hypertension. Objectives and Methods: We estimate the number of subjects in Japan who would benefit from renal denervation when this treatment is introduced into Japan, based on data from the Jichi Medical Univ Read More

Background: There are important differences in the lifestyle and cardiovascular disease risks between Asian and Western populations. The objective of this survey was to investigate the awareness of these factors in the practice of hypertension management among Asian physicians. Methods: General practitioners and specialists in Asia were surveyed by questionnaire with regard to their management of hypertension. Physicia Read More