Omega-3 Fatty Acid Treatment Combined with Chemotherapy to Prevent Toxicity, Drug Resistance, and Metastasis in Cancer

Despite advances in treatment, individuals diagnosed with cancer are often at risk of suffering from metastasis, tumor recurrence, therapy resistance, and off-target toxicities from conventional chemo-, radio-, and endocrine- therapies. Drugs with potent anticancer and antimetastatic activity but with milder side effects can be combined with conventional therapies to increase efficacy, reduce therapy resistance, and decrease toxicity. Substantial data from epidemiological, cell culture, animal, and clinical studies have established the anticancer potential of nontoxic omega-3 fatty acids. This paper highlights the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid treatment when used in combination with conventional therapies to protect against metastasis, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and prevent the off-target toxicity caused by conventional therapies. These omega-3 fatty acids target therapy-induced central players, NF-ΚB and ROS, to prevent drug-associated metastasis, therapy resistance, and off-target toxicities.