Current Diabetes Reviews - Volume 9, Issue 1, 2013

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual loss in people aged 30 to 69 years. Most authorities recommend screening of the ocular fundus to prevent severe visual loss. The increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus and fewer ophthalmologists in many countries is leading to inadequate screening. Establishing an adequate system for DR screening is a complex issue and represents a challenge for most health Read More

Diabetes is a chronic disease with a worldwide increasing trend. Foot complications, closely related to neuropathy and obstructive peripheral vascular disease, are responsible for more than 1 million of leg amputations every year. Foot infection can dramatically increase the risk of amputation. Although many ulcer classification systems have been proposed to stratify the severity of the infectious process, the definiti Read More

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Insulin, which is produced in β-cells, is a critical regulator of metabolism. Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin and processed to proinsulin. Proinsulin is then converted to insulin and C-peptide and stored in secretary granules awaiting release on demand. Insulin synthesis is regulated at both the transcriptional and transl Read More

Diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) should be managed following clear written guidelines. However, evidence suggests that healthcare professionals do not always adhere strictly to the agreed guidelines. Objective: This investigation aimed to review the management of DKA in a hospital setting, to assess what DKA treatment was implemented and its effectiveness on patient care. As a result of the study, it was also anticipated that t Read More

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States. The progression of kidney disease in patients with diabetes can take many years, and interventions such as glycemic control, blood pressure control, and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system have been shown to slow this progression. Despite the implementation of these strategies, the number of patients w Read More

Liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the treatment of choice for patients with tumor characteristics within the Milan criteria associated with Child B or C cirrhosis. LT provides the best cure for both the tumor and the cirrhosis. There have been several emerging reports that new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) after transplantation (NODAT) is one of the most negative predictive factors for low sur Read More

There are many reasons to suspect a genetic influence on the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy, including substantial variability in disease severity among patients with similar risk factors. Linkage studies have suggested associations with chromosomes 1, 3, 12 and others. The most studied individual genes are those encoding vascular endothelial growth factor, aldose reductase, and the receptor for advanc Read More