Current Diabetes Reviews - Volume 14, Issue 2, 2018

Background: Carbonic anhydrase is a ubiquitous zinc metalloenzyme in organisms that primarily catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3 - and H+. It is involved in many important physiological and pathological conditions such as electrolyte secretion and biosynthetic reaction like gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis and ureagenesis. The enzyme provides HCO3 - as a substrate for pyruvate carboxylase, the first enzyme in Read More

Background: Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has reached pandemic levels in the Western societies. T2DM begins with the development of peripheral insulin resistance which prior research suggests may commonly originate within the skeletal muscle. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for the development of muscle insulin resistance including those of classical glucose handling, and als Read More

Background: Regular exercise improves glycemic control and reduces cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Continuous moderate- to high-intensity exercise has been recommended to manage type 2 diabetes; however, only approximately 30% of diabetic patients achieve the recommended levels of physical activity. The reasons for not engaging in regular exercise vary; however, one of the commo Read More

Background: Diabetes is a growing epidemic that is affecting Hispanics in high rates. Introduction: Although Hispanics use the internet for health-related informational and educational purposes, there is a lack of information available in the Spanish-language. Methods: A review was conducted to examine the literature on internet-based, Spanish-language, diabetes focused information. One search was conducted using three dif Read More

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by hypertension, progressive albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis and declines in glomerular filtration rate leading to end stage renal disease. Although the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is not fully understood, current treatment of the patients with diabetic nephropathy is mainly based upon the control of hyperglycaemia and management of blood pressures. Backg Read More

Background: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), a serious and prevalent complication of diabetes, has been rapidly raising worldwide. Vaspin, as an adipokine with anti-diabetic effects, is predominantly released from visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, vaspin has the stimulatory effect on nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability through the activation of NO synthase. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum le Read More

Background: Cotton-wool spots also referred as soft exudates are the early signs of complications in the eye fundus of the patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy. Early detection of exudates helps in the diagnosis of the disease and provides better medical attention. Methods: In this paper, an automated system for the detection of soft exudates has been suggested. The system has been developed by the combination of diff Read More

Background: Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) is a useful adjunct to lifestyle modification and medications for optimal management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). This study was aimed at evaluating the practice, cost and associations of SMBG in subjects with type 2 DM in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey conducted at the diabetes clinic in three hospitals, 366 type 2 diabetic subjects aged 18-65 Read More

Background: Cytokine dysregulation plays an important role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Chronic Periodontitis (CP) with a commonality in pathogenic mechanisms. CP is considered the sixth complication of diabetes and may have an increased influence on systemic levels of cytokines in individuals with T2DM. Objective: This study investigated two pro-, and two presumed anti-inflammatory cytokines and their ratios in t Read More

Background: Renal dysfunction is a common complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients associated with oxidative damage which could be characterized by 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and hydrogen peroxide level as oxidative stress markers. Objective: The aim of our study is to determine if there is a difference in 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and hydrogen peroxide levels between sulfonylurea and combination of metformin-sulf Read More