Current Diabetes Reviews - Volume 10, Issue 2, 2014

Latin America is among the regions with the highest diabetes-related burden. Research and treatment programs have increased in number and complexity in recent years, but they are focused in type 2 diabetes, because this condition explains a large proportion of the cases. In contrast, the information regarding the epidemiology of type 1 diabetes is scant in this area. Here, we analyze the available information on this topic Read More

Lower extremity ulcers represent a serious and costly complication of diabetes mellitus. Many factors contribute to the development of diabetic foot. Peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease are the main causes of foot ulceration and contribute in turn to the growth of additional risk factors such as limited joint mobility, muscular alterations and foot deformities. Moreover, a deficit of balance, posture an Read More

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of blindness in the diabetic population. The diabetes Control and Complications Trial reported that 27% of patients affected by type 1 diabetes develop DME within 9 years of onset. Other studies have shown that in patients with type 2 diabetes, the prevalence increased from 3% to 28% within 5 years of diagnosis to twenty years after the onset. At the present time, des Read More

Aim: The relationship between elevated serum uric acid level and metabolic syndrome (MS) has been debated. There is no data concerning this relation in Iranian population-based studies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hyperuricamia and its association with MS in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients and Methods: This was a cross- sectional study in 1978 diabetic patients. Hyperuricamia was defi Read More

The most robust and frequently reported cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetes (DM2) are those that relate to memory. Behavioural research has identified a number of potential contributory physiological factors, including abnormalities in glucose metabolism, such as hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. The impact of these mechanisms on memory has been further investigated through the use of both structural and funct Read More

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing world-wide. Tight glycaemic control has been shown to reduce diabetes complications in a number of landmark trials. Apart from increasing the risk of microvascular and macrovascular disease, poor glycaemic control is also associated with cognitive and memory impairment as well as with mood disturbance. However, tighter glycaemic control with conventional anti-hypergl Read More

Among the most widely used animal models in obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research are the congenital leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models. These include the leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, Zucker fatty rats, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, SHR/N-cp rats, and JCR:LA-cp rats. After decades of mechanistic and therapeutic research schemes with thes Read More