A Review Study about the Effect of Chitosan Nanocarrier on Improving the Efficacy of Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Leishmania from 2010 to 2020

In the present review study, the published articles from 2010-2020 that evaluated the effect of chitosan nanocarrier on the efficacy of amphotericin B (AmB) in the treatment of leishmaniasis, have been considered. Leishmania is a parasitic tropical disease in the world and is treated with AmB as one of the main therapeutic agents. However, the clinical application of AmB is limited due to its toxicity and insolubility issues. Using nanoparticles and, in particular, chitosan, nanocarrier seems a promising approach to overcome these problems. Therefore, various doses of AmB have been loaded in chitosan nanoparticles in different studies and the results of these studies demonstrated that by increasing the drug loading efficiency and decreasing the toxicity, the potency of the nanoformulation to inhibit and to kill the parasite is increased. In this regard, the results of a study performed in 2018, demonstrated that chitosan nanoparticles with the higher dose of drug loading were the most effective formulation to inhibit and kill the parasite. Thus, chitosan nanocarrier can consider as an appropriate candidate in the future to inhibit and kill the Leishmania parasite without causing side effects