Application of Functionalized Nanomaterials as Effective Adsorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater: A Review

Background: Nanomaterials offer promising remediation techniques for water containing toxic pollutants especially heavy metals. Methods: A complete analysis of the application of nano-adsorbents for heavy metals removal from water has been reviewed. The effect of their functionalization on the adsorption capacity, the reusability, and the surface area has also been discussed. Results: In particular, the focus was on the applications of graphene oxide, carbon, silica, titanium dioxide, and iron oxide for water treatment. Additionally, the effect of functional groups on heavy metal selectivity has been discussed as well. Conclusion: This article will provide environmental engineers and academicians with information related to the latest engineered nanomaterials employed for the treatment of wastewater containing toxic heavy metals.