Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Current Analytical Chemistry
  4. Fast Track Articles
  5. Fast Track Article
image of Physicochemical, Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, Heavy Metal and Pesticidal Residue Analysis of Angelica glauca Edgew roots: An Approach to Establish Quality Standards Using Advanced Analytical Techniques

Abstract

Background

(AG) (family Apiaceae) is used by tribes as a spice and to treat various diseases. Before consumption, effective measures must be used for quality control tests. This study establishes quality standards for . The study analyses roots for physico-chemical, pharmacognostic, phytochemical, heavy metals, pesticidal residue, microbial load, and aflatoxin.

Methods

The standard procedure was used for powder microscopy and physiochemical parameters. Multiple culture media were used to measure microbial load. Aflatoxins were estimated using HPLC. Mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel were estimated using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. To identify 87 pesticide residues in a roots, LC-MS was used.

Results

On root powder microscopy, parenchymatous cells packed with yellow material, capillaries with reticulate thickenings, and simple oval to circular starch grains were found. Foreign matter, LOD, total ash, and extractive values were all within range. Salmonela, Pseudomnas, and Coliform (E. coli) were absent. The total viable aerobic bacterial count was 1.14 x 103 cfu/ml, compared to 1.0 x 105 permitted. Aflatoxins were absent in all samples. Heavy metal levels met the FSSR 2011 maximum residue standard for foods not specified. All 87 pesticides in the crude sample were below detection limits, indicating the safety and quality of the root sample.

Conclusion

The current findings can be utilized in quality control procedures and to assess the quality of samples before incorporating them into formulations. Phytochemical tests, heavy metal analysis, and pesticide residue contents can be used to assess quality before using raw materials.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110354715250113080048
2025-01-20
2025-04-02

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110354715250113080048
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Fokunang C.N. Ndikum V. Tabi O.Y. Jiofack R.B. Ngameni B. Guedje N.M. Fokunang T.E.A. Tomkins P. Barkwan S. Kechia F. Asongalem E. Ngoupayou J. Torimiro N.J. Gonsu K.H. Sielinou V. Ngadjui B.T. Angwafor I.I.I. III Nkongmeneck A. Abena O.M. Ngogang J. Asonganyi T. Colizzi V. Lohoue J. Kom K. Traditional medicine: Past, present and future research and development prospects and integration in the national health system of cameroon. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 2011 8 3 284 295 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i3.65276 22468007
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Batiha G.E.S. Shaheen H.M. Elhawary E.A. Mostafa N.M. Eldahshan O.A. Sabatier J.M. Phytochemical constituents, folk medicinal uses, and biological activities of genus Angelica: A review. Molecules 2022 28 1 267 272 10.3390/molecules28010267 36615460
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Butola J.S. Vashistha R.K. An overview on conservation and utilization of Angelica glauca Edgew. in three Himalayan states of India. Med. Plant 2013 5 3 171 179
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Kumar P. Rana V. Singh A.N. Angelica glauca Edgew. – A comprehensive review. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants 2022 31 100397 10.1016/j.jarmap.2022.100397
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Wang H. Chen Y. Wang L. Liu Q. Yang S. Wang C. Advancing herbal medicine: Enhancing product quality and safety through robust quality control practices. Front. Pharmacol. 2023 14 1265178 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265178 37818188
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Ahmad S. Tamboli E.T. Chester K. Quality control aspects of herbs and botanicals in developing countries: Coleus forskohlii Briq a case study. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 2015 7 4 254 259 10.4103/0975‑7406.168020 26681877
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Kumar D. Shah M.Y. Bhat Z.A. Angelica archangelica Linn. is an angel on earth for the treatment of diseases. Int. J. Nutr. Pharmacol. Neurol. Dis. 2011 1 1 36 50 10.4103/2231‑0738.77531
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Joshi R.K. Sharma S. Rasal V.P. Patil P.A. Effect of Angelica glauca essential oil on allergic airway changes induced by histamine and ovalbumin in experimental animals. Indian J. Pharmacol. 2017 49 1 55 59 10.4103/0253‑7613.201019 28458423
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Sowndhararajan K. Deepa P. Kim M. Park S.J. Kim S. A review of the composition of the essential oils and biological activities of Angelica species. Sci. Pharm. 2017 85 3 33 40 10.3390/scipharm85030033 28930168
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Agnihotri V.K. Thappa R.K. Meena B. Kapahi B.K. Saxena R.K. Qazi G.N. Agarwal S.G. Essential oil composition of aerial parts of Angelica glauca growing wild in North-West Himalaya (India). Phytochemistry 2004 65 16 2411 2413 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.07.004 15381015
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Manghani K. Quality assurance: Importance of systems and standard operating procedures. Perspect. Clin. Res. 2011 2 1 34 37 10.4103/2229‑3485.76288 21584180
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Akbar S. Hanif U. Ali J. Ishtiaq S. Pharmacognostic studies of stem, roots and leaves of Malva parviflora L. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2014 4 5 410 415 10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C1107 25182728
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Maude R.J. Koh G.C.K.W. Silamut K. Taking photographs with a microscope. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2008 79 3 471 472 10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.471 18784246
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Anonymous The ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India. 1st Ed. Delhi 2004 1 31
    [Google Scholar]
  15. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Minerals and Metals. 1st Ed. New Delhi Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India 2008
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Oni E.O. Oni N.O. Bamidele J. Taiwo O.A. Oyetibo B.O. Badmos A.O. Adeleye T.M. Olatunbosun M.O. Oluwafemi F. Microbial load and aflatoxin contamination in locally formulated herbal mixtures obtained from Itoku market, Nigeria. J. Food Saf. Hyg. 2023 9 3 197 206 10.18502/jfsh.v9i3.13910
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Turkson B.K. Mensah M.L.K. Sam G.H. Mensah A.Y. Amponsah I.K. Ekuadzi E. Komlaga G. Achaab E. Evaluation of the microbial load and heavy metal content of two polyherbal antimalarial products on the ghanaian market. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2020 2020 1 1014273 10.1155/2020/1014273 32508940
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Namjoo M. Salamat F. Rajabli N. Hajihoseeini R. Niknejad F. Kohsar F. Joshaghani H. Quantitative determination of aflatoxin by high performance liquid chromatography in wheat silos in golestan province, North of Iran. Iran. J. Public Health 2016 45 7 905 910 27516997
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Alshannaq A.F. Yu J.H. A liquid chromatographic method for rapid and sensitive analysis of aflatoxins in laboratory fungal cultures. Toxins 2020 12 2 93 99 10.3390/toxins12020093 32019110
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Weaver C.M. Trucksess M.W. Determination of aflatoxins in botanical roots by a modification of AOAC Official Method 991.31: Single-laboratory validation. J. AOAC Int. 2010 93 1 184 189 10.1093/jaoac/93.1.184 20334179
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Calleri E. Marrubini G. Brusotti G. Massolini G. Caccialanza G. Development and integration of an immunoaffinity monolithic disk for the on-line solid-phase extraction and HPLC determination with fluorescence detection of aflatoxin B1 in aqueous solutions. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2007 44 2 396 403 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.030 17317069
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Mukherjee P.K. Quality control herbal drugs. New Delhi Business Horizons Pharmaceutical Publishers 2002 246 379
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Venkataswamy R. Doss A. Sukumar M. Mubarack H.M. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial studies of Lantana indica roxb. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2010 72 2 229 231 10.4103/0250‑474X.65020 20838528
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Chase C.R. Jr Pratt R. Fluorescence of powdered vegetable drugs with particular reference to development of a system of identification. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1949 38 6 324 331 10.1002/jps.3030380612 18145471
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kokoski C.J. Kokoski R.J. Slama F.J. Fluorescence of powdered vegetable drugs under ultraviolet radiation. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1958 47 10 715 717 10.1002/jps.3030471010 13587300
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Mood B.M. Naseri K. Tahergorabi Z. Khazdair M.R. Sadeghi M. Toxic mechanisms of five heavy metals: Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic. Front. Pharmacol. 2021 12 643972 10.3389/fphar.2021.643972 33927623
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mishra A. Mishra A.K. Tiwari O.P. Jha S. Studies on metals and pesticide content in some Ayurvedic formulations containing Bacopa monnieri L. J. Integr. Med. 2016 14 1 44 50 10.1016/S2095‑4964(16)60241‑8 26778228
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Wahab S. Muzammil K. Nasir N. Khan M.S. Ahmad M.F. Khalid M. Ahmad W. Dawria A. Reddy L.K.V. Busayli A.M. Advancement and new trends in analysis of pesticide residues in food: A comprehensive review. Plants 2022 11 9 1106 1116 10.3390/plants11091106 35567107
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Bajwa U. Sandhu K.S. Effect of handling and processing on pesticide residues in food- A review. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2014 51 2 201 220 10.1007/s13197‑011‑0499‑5 24493878
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Kumar D. Bhat Z.A. Kumar V. Chashoo I.A. Khan N.A. Shah M.Y. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Angelica archangelica Linn. Inter J Drug Devel & Res. 2011 3 173 179
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Alibaşoğlu E.A. Çelik B.A. Ceylan F.D. Özoğlu O. Bekar E. Çapanoğlu E. Tamer C.E. Korukluoğlu M. Çopur O.U. Processing of Angelica (Angelica sylvestris L.) into a functional jam with addition of carob and cinnamon extracts: Evaluation of sensorial, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics and in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolics. Food Sci. Nutr. 2024 00 1 18
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Zhao H. Feng Y.L. Wang M. Wang J.J. Liu T. Yu J. The Angelica dahurica: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Front. Pharmacol. 2022 13 896637 896642 10.3389/fphar.2022.896637 35847034
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Dubale S. Kebebe D. Zeynudin A. Abdissa N. Suleman S. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity evaluation of selected medicinal plants in ethiopia. J. Exp. Pharmacol. 2023 15 51 62 10.2147/JEP.S379805 36789235
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Singh P. Khosa R.L. Srivastava S. Mishra G. Jha K.K. Srivastava S. Sangeeta Verma R.K. Tahseen M.A. Pharmacognostical study and establishment of quality parameters of aerial parts of Costus speciosus–a well known tropical folklore medicine. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2014 4 6 486 491 10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C1103 25182951
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110354715250113080048
Loading
Physicochemical, Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, Heavy Metal and Pesticidal Residue Analysis of Angelica glauca Edgew roots: An Approach to Establish Quality Standards Using Advanced Analytical Techniques
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110354715250113080048
/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110354715250113080048
/content/journals/cac/10.2174/0115734110354715250113080048
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

file format download Download

  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: heavy metal ; Physicochemical ; pesticidal residue analysis ; pharmacognostic

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test